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7TH EARL OR JAMES THOMAS BRUDENELL CARDIGAN (1797-1868)

CARDIGANSHIRE (Ceredigion, Sir Aberteifi)

CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

CARDINAL VIRTUES (Lat. cardo, a hinge; the fixed point on which anything turns)

CARDONA (perhaps the anc. Udura)

BARTOLOMMEO CARDUCCI (156o-161o)

GIOSUE CARDUCCI (1836-1907)

EDWARD CARDWELL (1787-1861)

VISCOUNT EDWARD CARDWELL CARDWELL (1813-1886)

GEORGE CAREW (d. about 1613)

RICHARD CAREW (1555–1620)

THOMAS CAREW (1595–1645?)

HENRY CAREY (d. 1743)

HENRY CHARLES CAREY (1793-1879)

WILLIAM CAREY (1761-1834)

DONALD CARGILL (1610-1681)

CARGO (Span. for " loading," from Lat. carries, car)

CARIACO, or SAN FELIPE DE AUSTRIA

CARIBBEE ISLANDS

CARICATURE (Ital. caricatura, i.e. "ritratto ridicolo," from caricare, to load, to charge; Fr. charge)

CARINTHIA (Ger. Kdrnten)

MARCUS AURELIUS CARINUS

GIACOMO CARISSIMI (c. 1604–1674)

JOSE DE CARIZARES (1676-1750)

WILLIAM CARLETON (1794-1869)

RICHARD CARLILE (1790-1843)

BARON CHICHESTER SAMUEL FORTESCUE CARLINGFORD (1823–1898)

EARLS OF CARLISLE

CARLO BUONAPARTE [Charles Marie de Bonaparte] (1746-1785)

CARLOMAN (751-771)

CARLOMAN (828-88o)

CARLOMAN (d. 754)

CARLOMAN (d. 884)

DON CARLOS (1545-1568)

DON CARLOS (1788-1855)

DON CARLOS (CHARLES MARIA DE LOS DOLORES JUAN ISIDOR.E JOSEPH FRANCIS QUIRIN ANTONY MICHAEL GABRIEL RAPHAEL) (1848—1909)

CARLSBAD DECREES (Karlsbader Beschlusse)

KARLSTADT CARLSTADT

ALEXANDER CARLYLE (1722-1805)

JOSEPH DACRE CARLYLE (1759-18o4)

THOMAS CARLYLE (1795-1881)

COUNT OF FRANCESCO BUSSONE CARMAGNOLA (1390-1432)

CARMAGNOLE (from Carmagnola, the town in Italy)

CARMARTHEN (Caerfyrddin)

CARMARTHENSHIRE

CARMATHIANS (QARMATHIANS, KARMATHIANS)

GERSHOM CARMICHAEL (c. 1672-1729)

EARLDOM OF CARNARVON

CARNARVONSHIRE (Welsh Caer'narfon, for Caer yn Arfon)

CARNATION (Dianthus Caryophyllus, natural order Caryophyllaceae)

CARNATYC, or KARNATAK (Kannada, Karnata, Karnatakadesa)

CARNEADES (214–129 B.C.)

ANDREW CARNEGIE (1837– )

PIETRO CARNESECCHI (1508-1567)

CARNIOLA (Ger. Krain)

CARNIVAL (Med. Lat. carnelevarium, from taro, tarns, flesh, and levare, to lighten or put aside; the derivation from valere, to say farewell, is unsupported)

LAZARE EIPPOLYTE CARNOT (18ot-1888)

MARIE FRANCOIS SADI CARNOT (1837-1894)

SADI NICOLAS LEONHARD CARNOT (1796-1832)

CARNUNTUM (Kapvous in Ptolemy)

CARNUTES (Carnuti, Carnutae, Kapvovri'vot in Plutarch)

ANNIBALE CARO (1507-1566)

ELME MARIE CARO (1826-1887)

CAROL (O. Fr. carole)

CAROLINE (1683-1737)

CAROLINE AMELIA AUGUSTA (1768-1821)

CARPACCIO, VITTORIO, or VITTORE (c. 1465-c. 1522)

CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS 2 (Lat. Monies Sarmatici; Med. Lat. Monies Nivium)

CARPATHUS (Ital. Scarpanto)

JEAN BAPTISTE CARPEAUX (1827-1875)

GULF OF CARPENTARIA

LANT CARPENTER (1780-1840)

MIRY CARPENTER (1807-1877)

WILLIAM BENJAMIN CARPENTER (1813-1885)

GIROLAMO DA CARPI (15or-1556)

JOANNES DE PLANO CARPINI

CARPZOV (Latinized Carpzovius)

BARTOLOME CARRANZA (1503—1576)

CARRARA, or CARRARESI

JEAN BAPTISTE NICOLAS ARMAND CARREL (18o0-1836)

JOSE MIGUEL CARRERA (1785-1821)

JEAN BAPTISTE CARRIER (1956-1794)

MORITZ CARRIERE (1817-1895)

CHARLES CARRINGTON

JOHN TIPLADY CARRODUS (1836-1895)

CHARLES CARROLL (1737-1832)

JOHN CARROLL (1735-1815)

CARRYING OVER, or CONTINUATION

CARSIOLI (mod. Carsoli)

CHRISTOPHER [" KIT "] CARSON (1809-1868)

CARSTARES (or CARSTAIRS), WILLIAM (1649-1715)

ARMUS JACOB CARSTENS (1754-1798)

CART (A.S. crcet, Gaelic cairt; connected with " car ")

CARTAGENA, or CARTHAGENA

THOMAS CARTE (1686-1754)

ELIZABETH CARTER (1717-1806)

SIR GEORGE CARTERET (c. 1610-1680)

CARTHAGE (Phoenician Kart-hadshat, " New City "; Gr. Kapxn5c; v, Lat. Carthago or Carchedon)

SYNODS OF CARTHAGE

JACQUES CARTIER (149.1-'1557)

SIR GEORGES ETIENNE CARTIER

CARTILAGE (Lat. cartilage, gristle)

CARTOON (Ital. cartone, pasteboard)

CARTOUCHE (a French word adapted from the Ital. cartoccio, a roll of paper, Med Lat. carta, for charta, paper)

CARTRIDGE (corruption of Fr. cartouche)

EDMUND CARTWRIGHT (1743–1823)

JOHN CARTWRIGHT (1740–1824)

PETER CARTWRIGHT (1785–1872)

SIR RICHARD JOHN CARTWRIGHT (1835– )

THOMAS CARTWRIGHT (c. 1535–1603)

WILLIAM CARTWRIGHT (1611–1643)

CARUCATE, or CARRUCATE (from the Med. Lat. carrucata, from carruca, a wheeled plough)

KARL GUSTAV CARUS (1789–1869)

MARCUS AURELIUS CARUS

CARVACROL, or CYMOPHENOL

ANTONIO FERNANDEZ CARVAJAL

LUISA DE CARVAJAL (1568-1614)

JOHN CARVER (x575?-1621)

JONATHAN CARVER (c. 1725-1780)

CARVING AND GILDING

ALICE CARY (1820-1871)

ANNIE LOUISE CARY (1842- )

HENRY FRANCIS CARY (1772-1844)

CARYATIDES (Latinized from the Greek; the plural of Caryatis, i.e. a woman of Caryae in Laconia)

JOSEPH CARYL (1602–1673)

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

COMTE DE RAPHAEL CASABIANCA (1738–1825)

CASABLANCA (Dar el Baida, " the white house ")

CASALE MONFERRATO

GIOVANNI JACOPO CASANOVA DE SEINGALT (1725–1798)

CASAS GRANDES (" Great Houses ")

FLORENCE ESTIENNE CASAUBON

ISAAC CASAUBON (1559-1614)

CASCADE MOUNTAINS

JOHN CASE (d. 1600)

CASEMATE (Ital. casa, a house, and matta, dull or dim)

CASEMENT (from a Lat. form casamentum)

CASHIBO, or CARAPACHE (" bat " )

CASILINUM (mod. Capua)

CASINO (diminutive of casa, a house)

CASIQUTARE CANAL

MIGUEL CASIRI (1710-1791)

KARL PAUL CASPARI (1814-1892)

CASPIAN SEA (anc. Mare Caspium or Mare Hyroanium; Russian, Kaspiyskoe More, formerly Hvalynskoe More; Persian, Darya-i-Khyzyr or Gurzem; Tatar, Ak-denghiz; the Sikim and Jurjan of the ancient Eastern geographers)

LEWIS CASS (1782–1866)

BERNARD ADOLPHE GRANIER DE CASSAGNAC (1806—1880)

NICCOLO CASSANA (1659—1914)

CASSANDER (c. 350—297 B.C.)

CASSANDER (or CASSANT), GEORGE (1513-1566)

CASSEL, or KASSEL

JOHN CASSELL (1817–1865)

CASSIA (Lat. cassia, Gr. mulct)

CASSIANUS, JOANNES EREMITA, or JOANNES

CASSIODORUS (not Cassiodorius)

CASSITERIDES (from the Gr. Kavo-irepos, tin, i.e. " Tin-islands ")

CASSITRRITE (from the Gr. Kavvirepos, tin)

AVIDIUS CASSIUS (d. A.D. 175)

CASSIVELAUNUS, or CASSIVELAAUNUS

CASSOCK (Fr. casaque, a military cloak)

CASSOWARY (Casuarius)

CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

ANDREA DEL CASTAGNO (1390-1457)

CASTALIA, or FONS CASTALIUS

CASTANETS (Fr. castagnettes, Ger. Kastagnetten, Span. castanuelas)

CASTE (through the Fr. from Span. and Port. casta, lineage, Lat. cast us, pure)

LOUIS BERTRAND CASTEL (1688-1757)

EMILIO CASTELAR Y RIPOLL (1832-1899)

CASTELFRANCO VENETO

EDMUND CASTELL (16o6-1685)

CASTELLAMMARE DI STABIA (anc. Stabiae)

ADRIANO CASTELLESI (c. 146o?—c. 1521?)

IGNAZ FRANZ CASTELLI (1781—1862)

CASTELLO BRANCO

VISCONDE DE CORREIA BOTELHO CAMILLO CASTELLO BRANCO (1825–1890)

BERNARDO CASTELLO (1557—1629)

GIOVANNI BATTISTA CASTELLO (1500 ?–1569 ?)

VALERIO CASTELLO (1625-1659)

CASTELLON DE LA PLANA

SIEUR DE LA MAUVTSSIERE MICHEL DE CASTELNAU (c. 1520-1592)

GIOVANNI BATTISTA CASTI (1721–1803)

CASTIGLIONE DELLE STIVIERE

CASTIGLIONE OLONA

BALDASSARE CASTIGLIONE (1478–1529)

COUNT CARLO OTTAVIO CASTIGLIONE (1784–1849)

GIOVANNI BENEDETTO CASTIGLIONE (1616–1670)

CASTILE AND LEON TILL THE UNION WITH ARAGON

CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

ANTONIO FELICIANO DE CASTILHO (1800-1875)

CASTILIAN DIALECT S

CRISTOBAL DE CASTILLEJO (1490-1556)

CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

CASTLE DONINGTON

CASTLETOWN (Manx, Bully Cashtel)

MATTHIAS ALEXANDER CASTREN (1813-1853)

PAULUS CASTRENSIS

CASTRO URDIALES

GUILLEN DE CASTRO Y BELLVIS (1569-1631)

INEZ DE CASTRO (d. 1355)

JOAO DE CASTRO (1500-1548)

CASTROGIOVANNI (Arab. Kasr-Yani, a corruption of Castrum Ennae)

CASTRUCCIO CASTRACANI DEGLI ANTELMINELLI (1281-1328)

CASTRUM MINERVAE (mod. Castro)

CASUISTRY (from the Lat. casus, a point of law)

CATACLYSM (Gr. Karcudsuvµos, a deluge)

CATAFALQUE (a word of unknown origin, occurring in various forms in many European languages, meaning a funeral scaffold or temporary stage)

ANGELICA CATALANI (1780-1849)

CATALEPSY (from Gr. KarItNtA is, a seizure)

CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

CATALONIA (Cataluna)

CATALYSIS (from the Gr. Kara, down, and Meta, to loosen)

CATAMARAN (a Tamil word, from catta, to tie, and maram wood)

CATAMARCA (San Fernando de Catamarca)

CATANIA (Gr. Katane, Rom. Catinal)

CATAPHYLL (Gr. Kara, down, 0b)

CATAPULT (Lat. catapulta, Gr. KaraafXrfls)

CATARACT (from the Lat. form cataracta of the Gr. Karapplucrgss, a floodgate, or waterfall, properly something which rushes down)

CATARGIU (or CATARGI), LASCAR (1823-1899)

CATARRH (from the Gr. Karappeiv, to flow down)

CATASTROPHE (Gr. Karaurpoch, from KaraQrp4ecv, to over-turn)

CATAWBAS (from the Choctaw for " divided ")

CATECHISM (from Gr. Karnxeiv, teach by word of mouth)

CATECHUMEN (Lat. catechumenus, Gr. KarnXouµevos, instructed, from Kar17)(6v, to teach orally)

CATEGORY (Gr. Karrlyopia, " accusation ")

CATENARY (from Lat. eaten¢, a chain)

CATERAN (from the Gaelic ceathairne, a collective word meaning " peasantry ")

ROBERT CATESBY (1593-1605)

CATHARS (CATHARI or CATHARISTS)

SIR GEORGE CATHCART (1794-1854)

WILLIAM SCHAW CATHCART CATHCART

JACQUES CATHELINEAU (1759—1793)

CATHERINE OF ARAGON (1485-1536)

CATHERINE OF BRAGANZA (1638-1705)

CATHERINE OF VALOIS (1401-1437)

SAINT CATHERINE

CATHETUS (Gr. K60ero3, a perpendicular line)

CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC CHURCH

THE CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC CHURCH

CATILINE [Lucius SERGIUS CATILINA] (C. I08-62 B.C.)

NICOLAS CATINAT (1637-1712)

GEORGE CATLIN (1796-1872)

MARCUS PORCIUS CATO (234—149 B.c.)

MARCUS PORCIUS CATO (95-46 B.c.)

PUBLIUS VALERIUS CATO

JACOB CATS (1577-1660)

CATSKILL (formerly KAATSKIL.) MOUNTAINS

CATTARO (Serbo-Croatian Kotor)

CATTEGAT, or KATTEGAT (Scand. " cat's-throat ")

GEORGE CATTERMOLE (1800-1868)

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

GAIUS VALERIUS CATULLUS (?84-J4 B.C.)

CAUCASIA, or CAUCASUS

PIERRE CAUCHON (d. 1442)

BARON AUGUSTIN LOUIS CAUCHY (1789-1857)

CAUDINE FORKS (Furculae Caudinae)

CAUDLE (through the O. Fr. caudel, from the Med. Lat. -aldellum, a diminutive of caldum, a warm drink, from calidus, hot)

CAUL (from O. Eng. calle, Fr. tale, a cap)

MARQUIS DE ARMAND AUGUSTIN LOUIS CAULAINCOURT (1773-1827)

CAULICULUS (from Lat. caulis, a stalk)

CAULON (Gr. KavXo,via)

CAUSSES (from Lat. calx through local Fr. caous, meaning " lime ")