See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

CARDINAL VIRTUES (See also:

• LAT

Lat. cardo, a See also:

• HINGE (in Mid. Eng. henge or heeng, from hengen, to hang)

hinge; the fixed point on which anything turns)  , a phrase used for the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal virtues on which conduct in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general depends . See also:

• SOCRATES

Socrates and See also:

• PLATO

Plato (see See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic, iv . 427) take these to be Prudence, Courage (or Fortitude), See also:

• TEMPERANCE

Temperance and See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

Justice . It is noticeable that the virtue of Benevolence, which has played so important a See also:

• PART

part in See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• ETHICS
• ETHICS, SHAFTESBURY, HOBBES

ethics and in See also:

• MODERN

modern altruistic and sociological theories, is omitted by the ancients . Further, against the Platonic See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list it may be urged (I) that it is arbitrary, and (2) that the several virtues are not specifically distinct, that the basis of the See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division is unsound, and that there is overlapping . It is said that St See also:

• AMBROSE (AMBROISE), AUTPERT (d.' 778)
• AMBROSE (ANDREY SERTIS-KAMENSKIY) (1708-1771)
• AMBROSE (fl. 119o)
• AMBROSE, ISAAC (1604-1663/4)
• AMBROSE, SAINT (c. 340-307)

Ambrose was the first to adapt the Platonic See also:

• CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

classification to Christian See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology . By the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church these virtues are regarded as natural as opposed to the theological virtues, Faith, See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope and Charity . Some authors, combining the two lists, have spoken of the Seven See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal Virtues . In See also:

• ENGLISH

English literature the phrase is found as far back as the See also:

• CURSOR
• CURSOR, LUCIUS PAPIRIUS

Cursor Mundi (1300) and the A yenbite of Inwit (1340) . See B . See also:

• JOWETT, BENJAMIN (1817-1893)

Jowett, Republic of Plato (Eng. trans., See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, 1887, Introd. p. lxiii) ; Plato, See also:

• PROTAGORAS (c. 481-411 B.C.)

Protagoras (329-33o) ; See also:

• ARISTOTLE
• ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, vi . 13 .

6; Th . Ziegler, Gesch. d. chr . Eth . (2nd ed.); H . See also:

• SIDGWICK, HENRY (1838-1900)

Sidgwick, See also:

• HISTORY

History of Ethics (5th ed.), pp . 44, 133, 143; and Methods of Ethics, p . 375 .