CARLISLE  , a

borough and the county-seat of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., 18 m . W. by S. of Harrisburg and rib m . W. by N. of Philadelphia . Pop . (189o) 7620; (1900) 9626 (1148 being negroes); (1910) 10,303 . It is served by the Cumberland Valley (controlled by the Pennsylvania railway) and the Gettysburg & Harrisburg railways . The borough is pleasantly situated in the central part of the fertile Cumberland Valley, which is here 12 M. wide . Mount Holly Springs and Boiling Springs are near, and are important summer attractions . In Carlisle is Dickinson College, founded in 1783 by Presbyterians, and named in honour of John Dickinson (q.v.), a benefactor of the college; it was reorganized in 1833 as a Methodist Episcopal College, and is now divided into the college, the school of law (founded in 1834) and Conway Hall, the preparatory department . President James Buchanan and Chief Justice R . B . Taney were graduates .

Here are also Metzger College for

young ladies, and a well-known United States Indian industrial school, established in 1879 through the efforts of Lieutenant (later Brigadier-General) Richard Henry Pratt (b . 1840), its superintendent until 1904; the school pays especial attention to industrial and agricultural training, and its athletic organizations are famous . A great effort is made to preserve and develop Indian arts and crafts; the instruction given by Mrs Angel Decora Dietz, a Winnebago, in colour work and design, decorating leather, making beadwork and weaving rugs, is particularly noteworthy . On the initiative of the pupils the Leupp Indian Art School was built on the campus in 1906-1907, all materials being purchased with the funds of the athletic association and all work being done by the students . The building is named in honour of Francis Ellington Leupp (b . 1849), U.S. commissioner of Indian affairs in 1905 . Carlisle is prominent for the manufacture of boots and shoes, and has machine shops and manufactories of carriages, ribbons, railway frogs and switches, carpets and paper boxes . In 1905 the value of all the factory products was $1,985,743, of which $1,078,401 was the value of boots and shoes . The place was laid out as a town in 1751, was named from Carlisle, Cumberland, England, and was incorporated as a borough in 1872 . In 1753 Benjamin Franklin, with two other commissioners, negotiated a treaty with the Ohio Indians here . During the War of Independence the Americans kept here for secure confinement a number of British prisoners, among them Major John Andre, and in 1794 Carlisle was the head-quarters of George Washington during the Whisky Rebellion . On the night of the 1st of July 1863 Carlisle was bombarded by Confederate troops .