See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

DON See also:

• CARLOS, DON (1545-1568)
• CARLOS, DON (1788-1855)
• DON CARLOS (CHARLES MARIA DE LOS DOLORES JUAN ISIDOR.E JOSEPH FRANCIS QUIRIN ANTONY MICHAEL GABRIEL RAPHAEL) (1848—1909)

CARLOS (See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES MARIA DE LOS DOLORES JUAN ISIDOR.E See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

JOSEPH See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

FRANCIS QUIRIN ANTONY See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

MICHAEL See also:

• GABRIEL (Heb. SKns, man of God)

GABRIEL See also:

• RAPHAEL (Hebrew smm, " God heals ")

RAPHAEL) (1848—1909)  ,See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• BOURBON
• BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (149o-1527)

Bourbon, claimant,as See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don See also:

• CARLOS, DON (1545-1568)
• CARLOS, DON (1788-1855)
• CARLOS, DON (CHARLES MARIA DE LOS DOLORES JUAN ISIDOR.E JOSEPH FRANCIS QUIRIN ANTONY MICHAEL GABRIEL RAPHAEL) (1848—1909)

Carlos VII., to the See also:

• THRONE

throne of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• LAIBACH (Slovenian, Ljubljana)

Laibach on the 3oth of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1848, being the eldest surviving son of Don Juan (See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John) of Bourbon and of the archduchess Maria Beatrix, daughter of See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis IV., See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• MODENA (ancient Mutina)

Modena . Don Carlos was the See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of the first pretender, noticed above . He married in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1867, at Frohsdorf, Princess See also:

• MARGUERITE

Marguerite, daughter of the duke of See also:

• PARMA

Parma and niece of the See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

comte de See also:

• CHAMBORD
• CHAMBORD, HENRI CHARLES FERDINAND MARIE DIEUDONNE, COMTE DE (182o-1883)

Chambord, who was born on the 1st of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1847, and who See also:

• BORE

bore him a son, Don Jaime, in 187o, and three daughters . Don Carlos boldly asserted his pretensions to the throne of Spain two years after the revolution of 1868 had driven See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella II. and the other See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the Bourbons into See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile . His manifesto, addressed to his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• ALPHONSO

Alphonso, namesake of his See also:

• RIVAL

rival, Alphonso XII., found an See also:

• ECHO (Gr. I'Xw)

echo in the fanatical priesthood and peasantry of many provinces of the See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

Peninsula, but little support among the more enlightened See also:

• MIDDLE

middle classes, especially in the towns . The first rising was started in See also:

• CATALONIA (Cataluna)

Catalonia by the brother of the pretender, who himself entered Spain by way of See also:

• VERA, AUGUSTO (1813-1885)

Vera, in the Basque provinces, on the 21st of May 1872 . The troops of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Amadeus under See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General Moriones, a progressist officer, who was one of Spain's ablest and most popular commanders, surprised and very nearly captured the pretender at Oroquista, sending him a fugitive to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France in headlong See also:

• FLIGHT

flight with a few followers . For more than a See also:

• YEAR

year he loitered about in the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• PYRENEES [Span. Pirineos, Fr. Pyrenees]

Pyrenees, the See also:

• GUEST (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Gast, and Swed. gust; cognate with Lat. hostis, originally a stranger, hence enemy; cf. " host " )
• GUEST, EDWIN (1800–188o)

guest of old See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble houses who showed him much sympathy, while the French authorities winked at the fact that he was fomenting See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war in Spain, where his guerilla bands, many of them led by priests, committed atrocities, burning, pillaging, See also:

• SHOOTING

shooting prisoners of war, and not unfrequently See also:

• ILL

ill-using even See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign residents and destroying their See also:

• PROPERTY

property . When the Federal See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic was proclaimed on the See also:

• ABDICATION (Lat. abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one)

abdication of King Amadeus, the Carlists had overrun Spain to such an extent that they held all the interior of See also:

• NAVARRE (Span. Navarra)

Navarre, the three Basque provinces, and a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PART

part of Catalonia, See also:

• LOWER

Lower See also:

• ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

Aragon, and See also:

• VALENCIA
• VALENCIA, or VALENTIA

Valencia, and had made raids into the provinces of Old See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile and See also:

• ESTREMADURA, or EXTREMADURA

Estremadura . Don Carlos re-entered Spain on the 15th of See also:

• JULY

July 1873, just before the Carlists took See also:

• ESTELLA

Estella, in Navarre, which became, with Tolosa and See also:

• DURANGO

Durango in the Basque provinces, his favourite See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence . He displayed very lax morals and an apathy which displeased his See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff and partisans . Don Carlos was See also:

• PRESENT

present at some fights around Estella, and was in the neighbourhood of See also:

• BILBAO

Bilbao during its famous See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of three months in 1874 until its See also:

• RELIEF

relief by Marshals Serrano and Concha on the 2nd of May .

He was also present at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle near Estella on the 27th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1874, in which See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal Concha was killed and the liberals were repulsed with loss . Twice he lost See also:

• GOLDEN

golden opportunities of making a See also:

• RUSH
• RUSH, BENJAMIN (1745–1813)
• RUSH, RICHARD (1780–1859)

rush for the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital—in 1873, during the Federal Republic, and after Concha's See also:

• DEATH

death . From the moment that his See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin Alphonso XII. was proclaimed king at Sagunto, at Valencia, in See also:

• MADRID

Madrid, and at Logrofio, by General See also:

• CAMPOS
• CAMPOS, ARSENIO MARTINEZ DE (1831-1900)

Campos, Daban, Jovellar, Primo de Rivera, and Laserna, the See also:

• STAR

star of the pretender was on the wane . Only once, a few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks after the Alphonsist restoration, the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of Don Carlos checked the Liberal forces in Navarre, and surprised and made prisoners See also:

• HALF

half a See also:

• BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade, with guns and See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours, at Lacar, almost under the eyes of the new king and his headquarters . This was the last Carlist success . The See also:

• TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide of war set in favour of Alphonso XII., whose armies swept the Carlist bands out of central Spain and Catalonia in 1875, while Marshal Quesada, in the upper See also:

• EBRO (anc. Iberus or Hiberus)

Ebro valley, Navarre, and Ulava, prepared by a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of successful operations the final advance of 18o,000 men, headed by Quesada and the king, which defeated the Carlists at Estella, Pena See also:

• PLATA, RIO DE LA, or RIVER PLATE

Plata, and Elgueta, thus forcing Don Carlos with a few thousand faithful Carlists to See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat and surrender to the French frontier authorities in March 1876 . The pretender went to See also:

• PAU

Pau, and there, singularly enough, issued his proclamations bidding temporary adieu to the nation and to his See also:

• VOLUNTEERS

volunteers from the same See also:

• CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

chateau where Queen Isabella, also a refugee, had issued hers in 1868 . From that date Don Carlos became an exile and a wanderer, travelling much in the Old and New See also:

• WORLD

World, and raising some See also:

• SCANDAL

scandal by his mode of See also:

• LIFE

life . He fixed his residence for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, then in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, from which he was expelled at the See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of the Madrid See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, and next in See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, before he took up his See also:

• ABODE (from " abide," to dwell, properly " to wait for ," to bide)

abode at Viarreggio in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . Like all pretenders, he never gave in, and his pretensions, haughtily reasserted, often troubled the courts and countries whose hospitality he enjoyed . His great disappointment was the coldness towards him of See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• LEO
• LEO (THE LION)
• LEO, BROTHER (d. c. 1270)
• LEO, HEINRICH (1799-1878)
• LEO, JOHANNES (c. 1494-1552)
• LEO, LEONARDO (1694–1744)

Leo XIII., and the favour shown by that pontiff for Alphonso XII. and his godson, Alphonso XIII . Don Carlos had two splendid chances345 of testing the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of his party in Spain, but failed to profit by them .

The first was when he was invited to unfurl his See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag on the death of Alphonso XII., when the perplexities and uncertainties of Castilian politics reached a See also:

• CLIMAX, JOHN (c. 525–600 A.D.)

climax during the first year of a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long minority under a foreign queen-See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent . The second was at the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the war with the See also:

• UNITED

United States and after the loss of the colonies, when the discontent was so widespread that the Carlists were able to assure their prince that many Spaniards looked upon his cause as the one untried See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of the See also:

• NATIONAL

national difficulties . Don Carlos showed his usual lack of decision; he wavered between the See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice of those who told him to unfurl his See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard with a view to rally all the discontented and disappointed, and of those who recommended him to wait until a great pronunciamiento, chiefly military, should be made in his favour—a See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day-See also:

• DREAM (from a root dreug, connected with Germ. trugen, to deceive)

dream founded upon the coquetting of General Weyler and other See also:

• OFFICERS

officers with the Carlist senators and deputies in Madrid . Afterwards the pretender continued to ask his partisans to go en organizing their forces for See also:

• ACTION

action some day, and to push their propaganda and preparations, which was easy enough in view of the See also:

• INDULGENCE (Lat. indulgentia, indulgere, to grant, concede)

indulgence shown them by all the governments of the regency and the open favour exhibited by many of the priesthood, especially in the rural districts, the religious orders, and the See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits, swarming all over the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . After the death of his first wife in 1893, Don Carlos married in the following year Princess See also:

• MARIE

Marie Bertha of See also:

• ROHAN
• ROHAN, HENRI
• ROHAN, LOUIS RENE EDOUARD, CARDINAL DE (1734-1803)

Rohan . He died on the 18th of July Igoe . His son by his first wife, Don Jaime, was educated in See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian and See also:

• BRITISH

British military See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools before he entered the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian army, in which he became a See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel of dragoons .