See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

BENJAMIN See also:

• CARPENTER, LANT (1780-1840)
• CARPENTER, MIRY (1807-1877)
• WILLIAM BENJAMIN CARPENTER (1813-1885)

CARPENTER (1813-1885)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English physiologist and naturalist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• EXETER
• EXETER, EARL, MARQUESS AND DUKE OF

Exeter on the 29th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1813 . He was the eldest son of Dr Lant See also:

• CARPENTER, LANT (1780-1840)
• CARPENTER, MIRY (1807-1877)
• CARPENTER, WILLIAM BENJAMIN (1813-1885)

Carpenter . He attended medical classes at University See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• LONDON

London, and then went to See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, where he took the degree of M.D. in 1839 . The subject of his See also:

• GRADUATION (see also GRADUATE)

graduation thesis, " The Physiological Inferences to be Deduced from the Structure of the See also:

• NERVOUS

Nervous See also:

• SYSTEM

System of Invertebrated Animals," indicates a See also:

• LINE

line of See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research which had fruition in his Principles of See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General and See also:

• COMPARATIVE

Comparative See also:

• PHYSIOLOGY (from Gr. 4 i s, nature, and koyos, discourse)

Physiology . His See also:

• WORK

work in comparative neurology was recognized in 1844 by his See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election to the Royal Society, which awarded him a Royal See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal in 1861; and his See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment as Fullerian See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of physiology in the Royal Institution in 1845 enabled him to exhibit his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers as a teacher and lecturer, his See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift of ready speech and luminous See also:

• INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)

interpretation placing him in the front See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of exponents, at a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time when the popularization of See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science was in its See also:

• INFANCY

infancy . His manifold labours as investigator, author, editor, demonstrator and lecturer knew no cessation through See also:

• LIFE

life; but in assessing the value of his work, prominence should be given to his researches in marine See also:

• ZOOLOGY (from Gr. Nov, a living thing, and ?byos, theory)

zoology, notably in the See also:

• LOWER

lower organisms, as See also:

• FORAMINIFERA

Foraminifera and Crinoids . These researches gave an impetus to deep-See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea exploration, an outcome of which was in . 1868 the " See also:

• LIGHTNING

Lightning," and later the more famous " Challenger," expedition . He took a keen and laborious See also:

• INTEREST

interest in the See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence adduced by See also:

• CANADIAN

Canadian geologists as to the organic nature of the so-called Eozoon Canadense, discovered in the Laurentian strata, and at the time of his See also:

• DEATH

death had nearly finished a monograph on the subject, defending the now discredited theory of its See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal origin . He was an See also:

• ADEPT (if used as a substantive pronounced adept, if as an adjective adept; from Lat. adeptus, one who has Attained)

adept in the use, of the See also:

• MICROSCOPE (Gr. µucp6s, small, asenreiv, to %view)

microscope, and his popular See also:

• TREATISE

treatise on The Microscope and its Revelations (1856) has stimulated a See also:

• HOST

host of observers to the use of the " added sense " with which it has endowed See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man . In 1856 Carpenter became registrar of the university of London, and held the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office for twenty-three years; on his resignation in 1879 he was made a C.B. in 'recognition of his services to See also:

• EDUCATION

education generally . Biologist as he was, Carpenter nevertheless made reservations as to the See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of the See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of See also:

• EVOLUTION

evolution to man's intellectual and spiritual nature .

In his Principles of See also:

• MENTAL

Mental Physiology he asserted both the freedom of the will and the existence of the " Ego," and one of his last public engagements was the See also:

• READING

reading of a See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper in support of miracles . He died in London, from injuries occasioned by the accidental upsetting of a spirit-See also:

• LAMP (from Gr. Xag ras, a torch, Xaµaav, to shine)

lamp, on the 19th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1885 .