See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• CARROLL, CHARLES (1737-1832)
• JOHN CARROLL (1735-1815)

CARROLL (1735-1815)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• PRELATE (Lat. praelatus, set above, from praefero, prefer)

prelate, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Upper See also:

• MARLBOROUGH
• MARLBOROUGH, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• MARLBOROUGH, JOHN CHURCHILL, 1ST DUKE OF (1650-1722)

Marlborough, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George's See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, See also:

• MARYLAND

Maryland, on the 8th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1735, the son of wealthy Catholic parents and a See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• CARROLL, CHARLES (1737-1832)
• CARROLL, JOHN (1735-1815)

Carroll " of Carrollton." He was educated at St Omer's in See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders, becoming a novitiate in the Society of Jesus in 1753, and then at the Jesuit See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college in See also:

• LIEGE
• LIEGE (Walloon, Lige, Flemish, Luik, Ger. Lilltich)

Liege, being ordained See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest in 1769 and becoming See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy and See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology . In 1771 he became a professed See also:

• FATHER

father of the Society of Jesus and professor at See also:

• BRUGES (Flemish Brugge, a name signifying the bridge or place of bridges)

Bruges . As See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor to the son of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Stourton, he travelled through See also:

• EUROPE

Europe in 1772-1793 . After the papal brief of the 21st of See also:

• JULY

July 1773 suppressed the Society of Jesus, he accompanied its See also:

• ENGLISH

English members thenin Flanders to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . In 1774 he returned to See also:

• AMERICA

America, and set to See also:

• WORK

work at a See also:

• MISSION

mission at See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

Rock See also:

• CREEK
• CREEK (Mid. Eng. crike or creke, common to many N. European languages)

Creek, See also:

• MONTGOMERY
• MONTGOMERY ( Tre' Faldwyn)
• MONTGOMERY, GABRIEL, SEIGNEUR DE LORGES, COMTE DE (c. 1530-1574)
• MONTGOMERY, JAMES (1771-1854)
• MONTGOMERY, ROBERT (1807-1855)

Montgomery county, Maryland, where his See also:

• MOTHER

mother lived . He shared the feeling for See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence growing among the American colonists, foreseeing that it would mean greater religious freedom . In 1776, at the See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of the See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress, he accompanied See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• FRANKLIN
• FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (1706-1790)
• FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN (1786-1847)
• FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BUEL (1823-1903)

Franklin, Charles Carroll and See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

• CHASE
• CHASE, SALMON PORTLAND (1808-1873)
• CHASE, SAMUEL (1741–1811)
• CHASE, WILLIAM MERRITT (1849– )

Chase on their mission to secure the aid or See also:

• NEUTRALITY

neutrality of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French-Canadians, and though unsuccessful it gained for him the friendship of Franklin . In 1783 he took a prominent See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome to take the See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the American See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church away from See also:

• LONDON

London; and on Franklin's recommendation, Carroll was named See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect apostolic, the American church being recognized as a distinct See also:

• BODY

body in a See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree issued by See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• ANTONELLI, GIACOMO (1806-1876)

Antonelli on the 9th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1784 . In the summer of 1785 he began his visitations; in 1786 he induced the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter to authorize a Catholic See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

seminary (now See also:

• GEORGETOWN

Georgetown University); and at the same session it was voted that the See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of the church required a See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop, accountable directly to the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope (and not to the See also:

• CONGREGATION (Lat. congregatio, a gathering together, from cum, with, grex, gregis, a flock, herd)

Congregation of the Propaganda) and chosen by the American See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy . Consent to this course was given by Antonelli in a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter of the 12th of July 1788 . The clergy met at Whitemarsh, Maryland, and See also:

• BALTIMORE
• BALTIMORE, GEORGE CALVERT, 1ST BARON (C. 1580—1632)

Baltimore was adopted as the episcopal seat, Carroll being chosen as bishop; and on the 6th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1789 See also:

• PIUS

Pius VI. issued a See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull to that effect, Carroll being consecrated at Lulworth See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle, England, on the 15th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1790, On his return from England the bishop saw Georgetown College completed (1791), thanks to moneys he had received from English Catholics . His first See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod met on the 7th of November 1791; and on the 16th he issued the " Circular on See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• MARRIAGE

Marriage," which attacked marriage by any See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save " lawful pastors of our church." In 1795 the Rev .

Leonard See also:

• NEALE, EDWARD VANSITTART (1810-1892)
• NEALE, JOHN MASON (1818–1866)

Neale (1746-1817) was appointed his coadjutor . In 1799, after the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington, Bishop Carroll bade his clergy hold the 22nd of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February ',Soo as a See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day of See also:

• MOURNING (from the verb " to mourn," to be sorrowful, 0. Eng. murnan; cf. O.H.G. mornen, Goth. maurnan, to be anxious, O.N. morna, to pine away; by some referred to root seen in Gr. jdptpva, sorrow, by others to root mer-, to die)

mourning, and on that day delivered in his See also:

• PRO

pro-See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral a memorial discourse which attracted much See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention . Already in 1802 he was pressing for the creation of new See also:

• SEES

sees in his See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese, and the See also:

• LOUISIANA

Louisiana See also:

• PURCHASE

Purchase of 1803 gave added See also:

• WEIGHT

weight to this request; in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1805 the Propaganda made him See also:

• ADMINISTRATOR

administrator apostolic of the diocese of New See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans, to which he appointed See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• OLIVIER, JUSTE DANIEL (1807-1876)

Olivier as See also:

• VICAR (Lat. vicarius, substitute)

vicar general; and in 18o8 Pius VII. divided Carroll's See also:

• GREAT

great diocese into four sees, See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston, New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia and Bardstown (See also:

• KENTUCKY

Kentucky), See also:

• SUFFRAGAN (Med. Lat. suffraganeus suffragator, one who assists, from suffragari, to vote in favour of, to support)

suffragan to the metropolitanate of Baltimore, of which Carroll actually became See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop by the See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption of the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long delayed See also:

• GALLIUM (symbol Ga; atomic weight 69.9)

gallium on the 18th of August 1811, having consecrated three suffragans in the autumn of ,81o . In 18er ecclesiastical See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction over the Danish and Dutch See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Indies was bestowed upon him . Carroll was now an old See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, and the See also:

• SHOCK, or COLLAPSE

shock of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of 1812, which as a staunch Federalist he had opposed until its actual See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration, together with the See also:

• ACTION

action of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See in appointing to the sees of Philadelphia and New York other candidates than' those of his recommendation, weighed on his mind . He died in Georgetown on the 3rd of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1815 . He may well be reckoned the greatest figure in the Roman Catholic Church of the See also:

• UNITED

United States . His position in the church had never been easy, partly because he had been a prominent member of the Society of Jesus . The great See also:

• SIZE

size of his diocese had made it unwieldy; and his struggle to secure the independence of the American church had been a difficult one . As a defender of papal and episcopal authority he had, especially in Philadelphia and Baltimore, to See also:

• DEAL

deal with churches whose trustees insisted that they and their parishes alone could choose priests, that bishop or prefect could not See also:

• OBJECT

object to their choice . Akin to this difficulty was the See also:

• DESIRE

desire of Catholics of different nationalities to have See also:

• SEPARATE

separate churches, a desire often created or encouraged by intriguing and ambitious priests . Besides these and other See also:

• INTERNAL

internal annoyances, Carroll had to meet the deep-seated distrust of his church in communities settled almost exclusively by Protestants .

See John Gilmary Shea, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the Catholic Church in the United States, vol. ii . (1763-1815), (See also:

• AKRON

Akron and New York, 1888); and See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel Brent, See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

Biographical See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

Sketch of the Most Rev . John Carroll, First Archbishop of Baltimore, with Select Portions of His Writings, edited by John Carroll Brent (Baltimore, 1843) .