GIOVANNI JACOPO CASANOVA DE SEINGALT (1725–1798)  , See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian adventurer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice in 1725 . His See also:

• FATHER

father belonged to an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient and even See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• FAMILY

family, but alienated his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends by embracing the dramatic profession See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in See also:

• LIFE

life . He made a runaway See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage with Zanetta Farusi, the beautiful daughter of a Venetian shoemaker; and Giovanni was their eldest See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child . When he was but a See also:

• YEAR

year old, his parents, taking a See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey to See also:

• LONDON

London, See also:

• LEFT

left him in See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of his grandmother, who, perceiving his precocious and lively See also:

• INTELLECT (Lat. intellectus, from intelligere, to understand)

intellect, had him educated far above her means . At sixteen he passed his examination and entered the See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

seminary of St See also:

• CYPRIAN, SAINT [Caecilius Cyprianus, called THASCIUS] (c. 200–258)

Cyprian in Venice, from which he was expelled a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time afterwards for some scandalous and immoral conduct, which would have cost him his See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty, had not his See also:

• MOTHER

mother managed somehow to procure him a situation in the See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household of the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal Acquaviva . He made but a short stay, however, in that See also:

• PRELATE (Lat. praelatus, set above, from praefero, prefer)

prelate's See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment, all See also:

• RESTRAINT (from " to restrain," Lat. restringere, to hold back, prevent)

restraint being irksome to his wayward disposition, and took to travelling . Then began that existence of See also:

• ADVENTURE (from Lat. res adventura, a thing about to happen)

adventure and intrigue which only ended with his See also:

• DEATH

death . He visited See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples, See also:

• CORFU (anc. and mod. Gr. KEpKvpa or Kopiupa, Lat. Corcyra)

Corfu and See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople . By turns journalist, preacher, See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

abbe, diplomatist, he was nothing very See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, except homme a bonnes fortunes, which profession he cultivated till the end of his days . In 1755, having returned to Venice, he was denounced as a See also:

• SPY
• SPY (from " to spy " or " espy"; 0. Fr. espie, espier, to spy, watch; cf. Ger. spdhen, Lat. specere, to look; the Fr. term " espionage "is of course from the same source)

spy and imprisoned . On the 1st of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1756 he b a succeeded in escaping, and made his way to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . Here he was made director of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state See also:

• LOTTERIES

lotteries, gained much See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial reputation and a considerable See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune, and frequented the society of the most notable See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French men and See also:

• WOMEN

women of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day .

In 1759 he set out again on his travels . He visited in turn the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands, See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland—where he made the acquaintance of See also:

• VOLTAIRE, FRANCOIS MARIE AROUET DE (1694–1778)

Voltaire,—See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy, See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence—whence he was expelled,—and Rome, where the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope gave him the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden See also:

• SPUR (A.S. spura, spora, related to spornan, spurnan, to kick, spurn; cf. M.H.G. sporn, mod. Ger. Sporn)

Spur . In 1761 he returned to Paris, and for the next four or five years lived partly here, partly in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, South Germany and See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . In 1764 he was in See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, where he refused the offer of a See also:

• POST

post made him by See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick II . He then travelled by way of See also:

• RIGA (Esth. Ria-Lin)

Riga and St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg to See also:

• WARSAW
• WARSAW (Polish Warszawa, Ger. Warschau, Fr. Varsovie)

Warsaw, where he was favourably received by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• STANISLAUS

Stanislaus See also:

• PONIATOWSKI
• PONIATOWSKI, JOSEPH ANTHONY (1763-1813)

Poniatowski . A See also:

• SCANDAL

scandal, followed by a See also:

• DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel, forced him to flee, and he returned by a devious route to Paris, only to find a lettre de cachet awaiting him, which drove him to seek See also:

• REFUGE

refuge in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain . Expelled from See also:

• MADRID

Madrid in 1769, he went by way of See also:

• AIX

Aix—where he met See also:

• CAGLIOSTRO, ALESSANDRO, COUNT (1743-1795)

Cagliostro—to Italy once more . From 1974, with which year his See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close, he was a See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police spy in the service of the Venetian inquisitors of state; but in 1782, in consequence of a satirical See also:

• LIBEL

libel on one of his patrician patrons, he had once more to go into See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile . In 1785 he was appointed by See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Waldstein, an old Paris acquaintance, his librarian at the See also:

• CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

chateau of See also:

• DUX (Czech Duchcov)

Dux in Bohemia . Here he lived until his death, which probably occurred on the 4th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1798 . The See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main authority for Casanova's life is his Memoires (12 vols., See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1826-1838; later ed. in 8 vols., Paris, 1885), which were written at Dux . They are See also:

• CLEVER

clever, well written and, above all, cynical, and interesting as a trustworthy picture of the morals and See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners of the times .

Among Casanova's other See also:

• WORKS

works may be mentioned Confutazione See also:

• DELTA (from the shape of the Gr. letter A, delta, originally used of the mouth of the Nile)

delta storia del governo Veneto d'Amelot de la See also:

• HOUSSAYE, ARSINE (1815-1896)

Houssaye (See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam, 1769), an See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to ingratiate himself with the Venetian See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government; and the Histoire of his See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape from See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison (Leipzig, 1788; reprinted See also:

• BORDEAUX

Bordeaux, 1884; Eng. trans. by P . See also:

• VILLARS, CLAUDE LOUIS HECTOR DE, PRINCE DE

Villars, 1892) . Ottmann's See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

Jacob Casanova (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1900) contains a bibliography .