See also:

• CASINO (diminutive of casa, a house)

CASINO (diminutive of casa, a See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house)  , the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian name for a See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house in a See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden, which has been extended to a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of public amusement at pleasure resorts, in which concerts, theatrical performances and public balls are given, and which usually contains a cafe-restaurant and gaming saloons . " See also:

• CASINO (diminutive of casa, a house)

Casino " as an architectural See also:

• TERM

term is still employed in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and the subject is given in competitive programmes in the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools of See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design . In the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England many Italian examples were built in the parks of See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country mansions, and See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

Chambers in his See also:

• TREATISE

treatise on See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture publishes plates of the casinos he had built at See also:

• MARINO

Marino, near See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin, See also:

• WILTON

Wilton near See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury, and Birdshall, See also:

• YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire . Casino or Cassino is also the name given to a See also:

• GAME

game of See also:

• CARDS, PLAYING

cards of obscure origin, played with a full See also:

• WHIST

whist-See also:

• PACK (apparently from the root pak-, paq-, seen in Lat. pangere, to fasten; cf. " compact ")
• PACK, OTTO VON (c. 1480-1537)

pack . The See also:

• OBJECT

object is to take as many cards as possible, particularly such as have See also:

• SPECIAL

special value . It may be played by two, three or four persons, partners sitting opposite one another . The player at the dealer's right is called the See also:

• PONY
• PONY (from the Lowland Scots powney, probably from 0. Fr. pouleriet, diminutive of poulain, a colt or foal; Late Lat. pullanus, Lat. pullus, a young animal)

pony (pone), the one at his See also:

• LEFT

left the eldest See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand . The dealer (selected by the cut of the lowest card) deals four cards to each player by twos and also, just before dealing to himself, four to the table, See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face upwards . The eldest hand begins the game by playing a card in one of three ways . Either he may take one of the exposed cards on the table by matching it with one from his own hand; or he may put one of his cards upon one of the table hand and See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call the sum of the pips (called See also:

• BUILDING

building); or thirdly, failing to do either of these things, he must :trail, i.e. See also:

• LAY

lay a card face upwards on the table beside the exposed cards, and the player at his left then plays in his turn . When each player has played out all four of his cards the dealer deals four more all See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round, and the game proceeds until the pack is exhausted . The game either (1) ends at this juncture, the player having secured the most points winning; or (2) the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side or player first securing 21 points wins; or (3) the points secured in a given number of deals may determine the winner .

The points and their respective values are as follows :—Big (or See also:

• GREAT

Great) Casino (ten of diamonds), ; Little Casino (See also:

• DEUCE (a corruption of the Fr. deux, two)

deuce of spades), 1; Cards (greatest number), 3; Spades (greatest number), 1; Aces, r each or 4 together; Sweeps, 1 each . Thus, without sweeps, the maximum points in one See also:

• DEAL

deal are 11 . A sweep is a See also:

• PLAY

play that clears the table of all exposed cards . The game then proceeds by the next player placing a card on the table face upwards . " Building," referred to above, is done as follows . Should a 3 See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie exposed on the table, a player may place a 4 upon it, saying, " I build a 7," and, if it is not disturbed before his next turn, he may then take the two cards with another 7 from his hand . It follows that no See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination may be built unless the builder holds the proper card in his hand . But a build may be increased . Thus, in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case cited above, another player may put a 2 upon the two cards which make 7 and say, " I build 9," in which case the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original builder loses See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the build unless he also holds a 9 in his hand or can himself increase the build again; for instance, adding an See also:

• ACE (derived through the Lat. as, from the Tarentine form of the Gr. etc)

ace and calling to . In the old way of playing the ace counted I, the deuce 2, and so on as at whist, excepting that all See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court cards counted to . But in the popular variation called Royal Casino, now almost universally played, the ace See also:

• COUNTS

counts either I or 14, the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king 13, the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen 12 and the See also:

• KNAVE (O.E. cnafa, cognate with Ger. Knabe, boy)

knave ii . In this manner the opportunities for See also:

• SIMPLE

simple and increased building are greatly multiplied, resulting in a much livelier game .

If a player has made a build he must take it in on his next play, unless he can take some other card . He cannot have two builds on the table at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, nor increase another build if he already has one of his own . See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

Double Builds cannot be increased, e.g. if a player combines a 3 and 4 lying on the table and places a 7 from his hand upon them, saying, " I build sevens," this build can be taken only with a 7, and cannot be built upon further . Of course in the case cited the builder must still have another 7 in his hand . In playing partners each may take in the other's builds, or may build to a card that has been declared by his partner; e.g. if his partner has built an 8 that has been captured by an opponent, he may build another $ with a card from his own hand to the 8 that he knows to be in his partner's hand, even though he has no 8 himself . In trailing, i.e. laying down a card without matching or building, one usually plays small cards, avoiding aces and (if Big and Little Casino have not yet been played) tens and deuces, as well as any cards one has See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to think will be of service to the enemy . High cards are usually played last, as they are stronger in taking combinations . Such rules are, however, quite See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, each situation calling for special treatment . In the last round all cards remaining on the table become the See also:

• PROPERTY

property of the player taking the last See also:

• TRICK

trick . A See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good memory and keen See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers of observation are essential in playing this game . In Twenty-One-Point Casino nothing is scored until the end of the deal . A second or third deal is usually necessary before one side scores the requisite 21 .

In the final deal each side keeps a See also:

• MENTAL

mental See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of the points made, and as soon as 21 are scored the game is claimed and the points shown . But if, when added to those already scored in previous deals, they make more or less than 21, the claimant loses the game . In counting out cards count first, followed by spades, Big Casino, Little Casino, aces and sweeps, in that See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . See also:

• SPADE

Spade Casino is a variation in which the usual i i points count as in the See also:

• REGULAR

regular game, and, in addition, each spade counts i, excepting the knave of spades, which counts 2, making 24 points in all . These are scored on a See also:

• CRIBBAGE

cribbage-See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board, each point being marked as it is made . The game is for 61 points, or once round the board and into the game-hole .