See also:

• CASSOCK (Fr. casaque, a military cloak)

CASSOCK (Fr. casaque, a military cloak)  , a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long-sleeved, See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close-fitting robe worn by the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy and others engaged in ecclesiastical functions . The name was originally specially applied to the See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress worn by soldiers and horsemen, and later to the long garment worn in See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• LIFE

life by both men and See also:

• WOMEN

women . As an ecclesiastical See also:

• TERM

term the word " See also:

• CASSOCK (Fr. casaque, a military cloak)

cassock " came into use some-what See also:

• LATE

late (as a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the old names of subtanea, vestis talaris, toga talaris, or tunica talaris), being mentioned in See also:

• CANON

canon 74 of 1604; and it is in this sense alone that it now survives . The origin of the word has been the subject of much See also:

• SPECULATION

speculation . It is derived through the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French from the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian casacca, which See also:

• FLORIO, GIOVANNI (1553?-1625)

Florio (Q . See also:

• ANNA
• ANNA (Hindustani ana)
• ANNA, BALDASARRE

Anna's New See also:

• WORLD

World of Words, 16,1) translates as " a See also:

• FROCK

frock, a horseman's cote, a long cote; also a habitation or dwelling," and it is usually held that this in turn is derived from See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case, a See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house (cf. the derivation of " See also:

• CHASUBLE

chasuble," q.v.) . This, however, though possible is uncertain . A Slav origin for the word has been suggested (Hatzfeld and See also:

• DARMESTETER, JAMES (1849-1894)

Darmesteter, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die. gen. de la langue francaise), and the Cossack horseman may have given to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West both the garment and the name . Or again, it may be derived from casequin (Ital. casecchino) , rather than See also:

• VICE

vice versa, and this in turn from an Arabic kazayand (Pers. kashayand), a padded See also:

• JERKIN

jerkin; the word kasagdn occurring in See also:

• MID

Mid . High Ger. for a See also:

• RIDING

riding-cloak, and gasygan in O . Fr. for a padded jerkin (See also:

• LAGARDE, PAUL ANTON DE (1827–1891)

Lagarde in Gott. gelehrte Anzeiger, See also:

• APRIL

April 15, 1887, p . 238) .

The cassock, though See also:

• PART

part of the canonical See also:

• COSTUME
• COSTUME (through the Fr. costume, from Ital. costume, Late Lat. costuma, a contracted form of Lat. consuetudinem, ace. of consuetudo, custom, habit, manner, &c.)

costume of the clergy, is not a liturgical vestment . It was originally the out-of-doors and domestic dress of See also:

• LAY

lay-See also:

• PEOPLE

people as well as clergy, and its survival among the latter when the See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular fashions had changed is merely the outcome of ecclesiastical conservatism . In mild See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather it was the See also:

• OUTER

outer garment; in See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold weather it was worn under the See also:

• TABARD

tabard or See also:

• CHIMERE (Lat. chimera, chimaera; O. Fr. chamarre, Mod. Fr. simarre; Ital. zimarra; cf. Span. zimarra, a sheepskin coat; possibly derived ultimately from Gr. xei,u pros, " wintry," i.e. a winter overcoat)

chimere (q.v.); sometimes in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages the name " chimere " was given to it as well as to the sleeveless upper robe . In See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter the cassock was often lined with furs varying in costliness with the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of the wearer, and its See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour also varied in the middle ages with his ecclesiastical or See also:

• ACADEMIC

academic status . In the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church the subtanea (Fr. See also:

• SOUTANE

soutane, Ital. sottana) must be worn by the clergy whenever they appear, both in See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary life (except in See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant countries) and under their See also:

• VESTMENTS

vestments in church . It varies in colour with the wearer's rank: See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white for the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, red (or See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black edged with red) for cardinals, See also:

• PURPLE

purple for bishops, black for the lesser ranks: members of religious orders, however, whatever their rank, See also:

• WEAR

wear the colour of their religious See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit . In the Church of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England the cassock, which with the See also:

• GOWN

gown is prescribed by the above-mentioned canon of 1604 as the canonical dress of the clergy, has been continuously, though not universally, worn by the clergy since the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation . It has long ceased, however, to be their every-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day walking dress and is now usually only worn in church, at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home, or more rarely by clergy within the precincts of their own parishes . The See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of wearing the cassock under the vestments is traceable in England to about the See also:

• YEAR

year 1400 . The old See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• ENGLISH

English cassock was a See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double-breasted robe fastened at the See also:

• SHOULDER (in O.E. sculder, cognate with Ger. Schulter, Dutch schouder, Swed. skuldra, &c; the root is unknown)

shoulder and probably girdled . The See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental, single-breasted cassock, with a long See also:

• ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

row of small buttons from See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck to hem, is said to have been first introduced into England by See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop See also:

• HARRIS, GEORGE, 1ST BARON (1746–1829)
• HARRIS, JAMES (1709-1780)
• HARRIS, JOEL CHANDLER (1848-1908)
• HARRIS, JOHN (c. 1666-1719)
• HARRIS, SIR WILLIAM SNOW
• HARRIS, THOMAS LAKE (1823-1906)
• HARRIS, WILLIAM TORREY (1835-1909)

Harris of See also:

• LLANDAFF

Llandaff (1729-1738) . The shortened form of cassock which survives in the bishop's " See also:

• APRON (a corruption arising from a wrong division of " a napron " into " an apron," from the Fr. naperon, napperon, a diminutive of nappe, Lat. mappa, a napkin)

apron " was formerly widely used also by the continental clergy .

Its use was for-bidden in Roman Catholic countries by Pope See also:

• PIUS

Pius IX., but it is still worn by Roman Catholic dignitaries as part of their out-of-See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door dress in certain Protestant countries . See the See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report of the sub-See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of See also:

• CONVOCATION
• CONVOCATION (Lat. convocatio, a calling together)

Convocation on the Ornaments of the Church and its Ministers (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1908), and authorities there cited .