See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

CASTILE AND See also:

• LEON
• LEON, LUIS PONCE DE (1527-1591)
• LEON, MOSES BEN SI
• LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

LEON TILL THE See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

UNION WITH See also:

• ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

ARAGON  . Fernando III. was See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile and See also:

• LEON
• LEON, LUIS PONCE DE (1527-1591)
• LEON, MOSES BEN SI
• LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

Leon from I230 to 1252 . See also:

• ALPHONSO

Alphonso X . 1252-1284 Eldest son of Fernando III . Sancho IV . . 1284-1295 Second son of Alphonso X . Was preferred to the sons of his See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand de la Cerda, who died in Alphonso's lifetime . Ferdinand IV . 1295-1312 Son of Sancho . Alphonso XI . . 1312-1350 Son of Ferdinand IV . See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter "The Cruel" 1350-1369 Son of Alphonso XI .

See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry II . . 1369-1379 Natural son of Alphonso IX . He deposed and murdered Peter, and founded the See also:

• LINE

line of the new See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings . See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John I . . . 1379-1390 Son of Henry II . Henry III . . 1390-1406 Son of John I . John II . 1406-1454 Son of Henry III . Son . The See also:

• LEGITIMACY

legitimacy of the daughter of his second See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage Henry IV .

. . 1454-1474 was not recognized, and the See also:

• CROWN

crown of Castile passed to his See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella . . . 1474-1504 See also:

• SISTER

sister, who married Ferdinand of See also:

• ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

Aragon . The marriage See also:

• UNITED

united the crowns in 1479• Aragon, from the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union with the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of See also:

• BARCELONA

Barcelona, to the union with Castile: Alphonso II . 1162-1196 Son and successor of Petronilla and Ramon Berenguer IV . Recovered the Provencal pos- sessions of Ramon Berenguer II . Peter II . . . 1196-1213 Son . Killed at Muret . See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James I., " The 1213-1276 Son .

Conquered the Balearic Conqueror." Islands and See also:

• VALENCIA
• VALENCIA, or VALENTIA

Valencia . See also:

• LEFT

Left the islands to his son James, from whom the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title passed in succ_es- . See also:

• SION [Ger. Sitten]

sion to Sancho (d . 1324), his eldest son, to Sancho's See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew James (d . 1349), and to another James, his son (d . 1375) ; but the actual See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession was re- covered by the elder line before the extinction of the younger See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch . Peter III . . . 1276-1285 Eldest son . Conquered See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily, claimed by right of his wife See also:

• CONSTANCE
• CONSTANCE (Ger. Konstanz or Costnitz)
• CONSTANCE, COUNCIL OF
• CONSTANCE, LAKE OF (called by the Romans Lacus Brigantinus or lake of Bregenz, and now usually named in German Bodensee, as well as the " Swabian Sea ")

Constance, daughter of See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

Man- fred of Beneventum . Alphonso III . . 1285-1291 Eldest son .

Succeeded to See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish possessions . James II . . . 1291-1327 Second son of Peter III . He had succeeded to Sicily, but re- signed his rights, which were then assumed by his brother See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick, who founded the Aragonese line of kings of Sicily . Alphonso IV . . 1327-1336 Son of James II . Peter IV . . . 1336-1387 Finally reannexed the Balearic Islands . John I . . .

. 1387-1395 Son by the marriage of Peter IV . with his See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin Eleanor of the Sicilian line . See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin . . 1395-1410 Younger brother of John I . His son Martin was chosen king of Sicily, but died in 1409 . The male line of the kings of Aragon of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Barcelona ended with Martin . Ferdinand I . . 1412-1416 Second son of Eleanor, sister of Martin, and wife of John I. of Castile . Succeeded by choice of the See also:

• CORTES
• CORTES, HERNAN

Cortes . Alphonso V . 1416-1458 Son . Spent most of his See also:

• LIFE

life in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, where he was king of See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples and Sicily .

John II . . . 1458-1479 Brother of Alphonso V., whom he succeeded in the Spanish pos- sessions, and Sicily, but not in Naples . Ferdinand II . . 1479-1516 Son . His marriage with Isabella united the crowns . Sancho II . . Alphonso VI . Urraca . Alphonso VII . . Sancho III .. . 1157-1158 Fernando II .

1157-1188 Alphonso VIII .. 1158-1214 Alphonso IX . 1188-1230 Henry I . . Berengaria Fernando III . . He expelled Alphonso and See also:

• GARCIA
• GARCIA (DEL POPOLO VICENTO), MANOEL (1775-1832)

Garcia, reuniting the three kingdoms . Murdered at See also:

• ZAMORA

Zamora . Returned from See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile, obtained all the three kingdoms, and imprisoned Garcia for life . Daughter of Alphonso VI., and widow of See also:

• RAYMOND, HENRY JARVIS (1820-1869)

Raymond of See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy . Son . Recognized as king in Gallicia during his See also:

• MOTHER

mother's life . Divided his kingdoms between his sons; to the elder Sancho, Castile, to the younger, Fernando, Leon . In Castile .

In Leon . Castile . Son of Sancho III . Leon . Son of Fernando II . Is numbered IX. because he was junior to the cousin Alphonso of Castile . Castile . Son of Alphonso VIII . Daughter of Alphonso VIII . Married to Alphonso IX. of Leon, but the marriage was declared uncanonical by the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope . The See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children were declared legitimate . Berengaria resigned the crown of Castile to her son Fernando by the uncanonical marriage with Alphonso IX. of Leon .

Inherited Leon on the See also:

• DEATH

death of his See also:

• FATHER

father Alphonso IX., and united the crowns for the last See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, in 1230 . I005-I072 1065-1109 II09-II26 1126-1157 I214-I217 I217- I217-I252 See also:

• NAVARRE (Span. Navarra)

Navarre'till the See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of Ferdinand the See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic: — KINGS OF UNITED See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

SPAIN (continued) I Garcia IV . 1134–1150 A descendant of Sancho el Ferdinand VII . . 1808–1833 Was proclaimed king on the See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

Mayor . Elected by the Navar- forced See also:

• ABDICATION (Lat. abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one)

abdication of his father . rese on the death of Alphonso Remained a prisoner in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France of Aragon without issue . during the See also:

• PENINSULAR

Peninsular See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War . I-Ie repealed the Salic See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

Law estab- Sancho VI., called 1150–1194 Son . Father of Berengaria, wife lished by See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip V . " The See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

Wise " of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Coeur de See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion . Sancho VII . . 1194–1234 Son .

Died without issue . Isabella II . . . i833–1868 Daughter . Her See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession was resisted by her See also:

• UNCLE

uncle See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don See also:

• THEOBALD, (d. 1161)
• THEOBALD, LEWIS (1688-1744)

Theobald I . 1234–1253 See also:

• HUSBAND

Husband of See also:

• BLANCHE, JACQUES EMILE (1861– )

Blanche, daughter See also:

• CARLOS, DON (1545-1568)
• CARLOS, DON (1788-1855)
• CARLOS, DON (CHARLES MARIA DE LOS DOLORES JUAN ISIDOR.E JOSEPH FRANCIS QUIRIN ANTONY MICHAEL GABRIEL RAPHAEL) (1848—1909)

Carlos, and the Carlist See also:

• WARS

Wars of Sancho " The Wise." ensued . Deposed . Theobald II . 1253–1270 Son . Died without issue . Alphonso XII . . 1875–1885 Son . His mother abdicated in Henry I .

1270–1274 Brother . his favour and he was re- stored . Jeanne I . 1274–1305 Daughter, wife of Philip IV. of France . Navarre was now Alphonso XIII . . 1886 See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

Born after his father's death . (D . H.) (2) See also:

• WORKS

Works: The See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• HISTORY

history of Spain written by a Spaniard is that of Don Modesto Lafuente in 30 volumes (1850–1867; new ed., by Valera, 22 vols., Barcelona, 1888) . It was written before the See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period had been properly investigated, is wordy, and largely spoilt by displays of See also:

• NATIONAL

national vanity . A later and more See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical writer of nearly the same name, Don See also:

• VICENTE, GIL (147o-1540)

Vicente de la Fuente, has published valuable Estudios criticos sobre la historia y el derecho de Aragon (1884–1886) . No satisfactory general history of Spain has been written by a foreigner . The best is that of M .

Ramey, Histoire d'Espagne (1843) . Don Rafael Altamira has published an Historia de Espana y de la See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization espanola (2 vols., Barcelona, 1900-1902), in which he sums up the results of later See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research . Among older writers Juan de See also:

• MARIANA, JUAN DE (1536-1624)

Mariana, who ends with the Catholic sovereigns, professedly took See also:

• LIVY [Thus L1v1us] (59 B.C.—A.D: 17)

Livy as a See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model, and wrote a See also:

• FINE

fine example of a rhetorical history published in Latin (1592–1609), and then in Spanish translated and largely re-written by himself . It was continued to 1600 by Minana . An See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation, with supplements, was published by See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain J . See also:

• STEPHENS, ALEXANDER HAMILTON (1812-1883)
• STEPHENS, JOHN LLOYD (1805–1852)

Stephens in 1699 . The Anales de Aragon of Geronimo Zurita (161o) are very far See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior to the history of Mariana in See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism and research . The See also:

• GREAT

great school of Spanish historians died out with the other glories of the nation in the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . The later periods have been indifferently treated by them, but Don See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio Canovas del See also:

• CASTILLO

Castillo published some valuable studies on the later See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty under the title Estudios del reinado de Felipe IV . (1889) . The reader may also consult—for the earlier period—See also:

• FLORIAN, JEAN PIERRE CLARIS DE (1755-1794)
• FLORIAN, SAINT

Florian de Ocampo and Ambrosio de Morales, whose combined works are known as the CrOnica general de Espana (fol. See also:

• EDITIONS

editions, 1543–1586, republished in 10 small volumes at See also:

• MADRID

Madrid, 1791–1792) . This was continued by Prudencio de Sandoval, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• TUY

Tuy and afterwards of Pampeluna, under the title of Hist. de los reyes de Castilla y de Leon: Fernando I .

Alonso VII . Both See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient and later times are dealt with in the Historia general de Espana, escrita See also:

• POR

por individuos de la real academia de la historia (Madrid, 1892 sqq.)—a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of studies by different hands; that on the reign of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles III., by Senor See also:

• MANUEL, EUGENE (1823–1901)
• MANUEL, JACQUES ANTOINE (1775-1827)
• MANUEL, LOUIS PIERRE (1751-1793)

Manuel Danvila, is very valuable for the later 18th century . An See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the troubled years of the 19th century has been written by Don Antonia Pirala, Historia contempordnea (1871–1879) . The latest general history of Spain is Don Rafael Altamira y Crevea's Historia de Espana y de la civilization espaliola, 3 vols(Barcelona 1902–1906) . The standard authority for the See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Spanish history is the Histoire See also:

• DES

des Musulmans d'Espagne, 711–1110, by R . P . A . See also:

• DOZY, REINHART PIETER ANNE (182o-1883)

Dozy (4 vols., See also:

• LEIDEN

Leiden, 1861) . It requires to be supplemented by Don Pascual de Gayongos's translation of Al Makkari's History of the Mahommedan Dynasties in Spain (1840–1843) and by Senor Francisco Codera's Decadencia y desaparicion de los See also:

• ALMORAVIDES (properly Murabtis, the name being corrupted through the Spanish)

Almoravides en Espana (See also:

• SARAGOSSA (Zaragoza)
• SARAGOSSA, COUNCILS OF (Concilia Caesarauguslana)

Saragossa, 1899) and Estudios criticos de hist. arabe espaniola (ibid., 1903) . See also See also:

• STANLEY (FAMILY)
• STANLEY, ARTHUR PENRHYN (18x5–1881)
• STANLEY, EDWARD (1779-1849)
• STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON (184o-1904)
• STANLEY, SIR WILLIAM (1548-163o)
• STANLEY, THOMAS (1625-1678)

Stanley See also:

• LANE, EDWARD WILLIAM (1801–1876)
• LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

Lane See also:

• POOLE
• POOLE, MATTHEW (1624-1699)
• POOLE, PAUL FALCONER (1806-1879)
• POOLE, REGINALD STUART (1832-1895)

Poole, The See also:

• MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)
• MOORS, KABYLES, MZABITES

Moors in Spain (" See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

Story of the Nations " Series, 1887) and S . P . See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott, Hist. of the Moorish See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe (3 vols., See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia and See also:

• LONDON

London, 1904) .

Other English works, on general Spanish history, are Martin A . S . See also:

• HUME, ALEXANDER (c. 1557-1609)
• HUME, DAVID (1711-1776)
• HUME, JOSEPH (1777-1855)

Hume's Spain, its Greatness and Decay, 1479-1788 (See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, 1898) and See also:

• MODERN

Modern Spain, 1788–1898 (" Story of the Nations " Series, 1899), and See also:

• BUTLER
• BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
• BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
• BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
• BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
• BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
• BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
• BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
• BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1835-1902)
• BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
• BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)

Butler See also:

• CLARKE, ADAM (1762?—1832)
• CLARKE, CHARLES COWDEN (1787-1877)
• CLARKE, EDWARD DANIEL (1769–1822)
• CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN (1810–1888)
• CLARKE, JOHN SLEEPER (1833–1899)
• CLARKE, MARCUS ANDREW HISLOP (1846–1881)
• CLARKE, MARY ANNE (c.1776–1852)
• CLARKE, SAMUEL (1675–1729)
• CLARKE, SIR ANDREW (1824-1902)
• CLARKE, SIR EDWARD GEORGE (1841– )
• CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS (1866- )
• CLARKE, WILLIAM BRANWHITE (1798-1878)

Clarke's Modern Spain, 1815–1898 (Cambridge, 1906) . Excellent summaries of Spanish history See also:

• YEAR

year by year are published in the See also:

• ANNUAL

Annual See also:

• REGISTER

Register . Jeanne II . . . 1328–1349 Charles II., called 1349–1387 " The See also:

• BAD, BCD

Bad " Charles III.,"The 1387–1425 See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

Noble " John I. of Aragon 1425–1479 1479–1483 J 1483–1514 absorbed in France, and so remained till 1328, when on the death of Charles IV. of France, the last of the house of See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh See also:

• CAPET

Capet, it passed to his niece Jeanne, daughter of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis X., and wife of Philip, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• EVREUX

Evreux . Son . These two kings were much concerned with France, and little with Spain . King of Navarre by right of his wife Blanche, daughter of Charles III . On his death Navarre passed to his daughter by Blanche, Eleanor, widow of Gaston IV., count of See also:

• FOIX

Foix . She died in the same year as her father, and Navarre passed to her See also:

• GRAND

grand-son, See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• PHOEBUS (Gr. for " bright," " pure,")

Phoebus .

Died without issue, and was succeeded by his sister, the wife of See also:

• JEAN

Jean D'See also:

• ALBRET

Albret . The Spanish See also:

• PART

part of Navarre was conquered by Ferdinand the Catholic in 1512 .