CASTOR  and See also:

• POLLUX, JULIUS
• POLLUX, or POLLUCITE

POLLUX (Gr . HoXvSthKns), in See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek and See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology, the twin sons of See also:

• LEDA

Leda, and See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers of See also:

• HELEN

Helen and Clytaemnestra . They were also known under the name of Dioscuri (&&rlcopom, later OebcKovpoe, See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children of See also:

• ZEUS

Zeus), for, according to later tradition, they were the children of Zeus and Leda, whose love the See also:

• GOD

god had won under the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a See also:

• SWAN (A. S. swan and swan, Icel. svanr, Du. zwaart, Ger. Schwan)
• SWAN, J
• SWAN, JOHN MACALLAN (1847-1910)
• SWAN, SIR JOSEPH WILSON (1828– )

swan . In some versions Leda is represented as having brought forth two eggs, from one of which were See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born Castor and Pollux, from the other Helen . In another See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account, Zeus is the See also:

• FATHER

father of Pollux and Helen, Tyndareus (See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• SPARTA (Gr. Eirapril or AaKe5atycav)

Sparta) of Castor and Clytaemnestra . In See also:

• HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer, Castor, Pollux and Clytaemnestra are said to be the children of Tyndareus and Leda, Helen the daughter of Leda by Zeus . The Dioscuri were specially reverenced among See also:

• PEOPLE

people of Dorian See also:

• RACE

race, and were said to have reigned at Sparta, where also they were buried . They were also worshipped, especially in See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens, as lords and protectors (Entices, et vaKres) . Sailors in a See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm prayed to them (See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace, Odes, i . 3) and sacrificed a See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• LAMB (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Lamm)
• LAMB, CHARLES (1775–1834)

lamb, whereupon they were wont to appear in the form of See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire at the masthead (probably referring to the phenomenon of St Elmo's fire), and the storm ceased . Later, they were confounded with the Samothracian Cabeiri . In See also:

• BATTLE

battle they appeared See also:

• RIDING

riding on white horses and gave victory to the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side they favoured .

They were the patrons of hospitality, and founded the sacred festival called Theoxenia . Ir They presided over public See also:

• GAMES, CLASSICAL

games, Castor especially as the See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse-tamer, Pollux as the boxer; but both are represented as riding on horseback or See also:

• DRIVING (from " to drive," i.e. generally to propel, force along or in, a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages)

driving in a See also:

• CHARIOT (derived from an O. Fr. word, formed from char, a car)

chariot . In Sparta their See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol was two parallel beams (Soxava), connected by See also:

• CROSS

cross-bars, which the Spartans took with them into the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field (See also:

• PLUTARCH
• PLUTARCH (Gr. llXoi rapxos) (c. A.D. 46–120)

Plutarch, De Fraterno Amore, 1; See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus v . 75); later, they were represented by two amphorae with See also:

• SNAKES

snakes twined See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round them . Their most important exploits were the invasion of See also:

• ATTICA

Attica, to See also:

• RESCUE (in Middle Eng. rescous, from O. Fr. recousse, Low Lat. rescussa, from reexcussa,reexcutere, to shake off again, re, again, ex, off, quatere, to shake)

rescue their See also:

• SISTER

sister Helen from See also:

• THESEUS

Theseus; their See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the See also:

• HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting of the Calydonian See also:

• BOAR (0. Eng. bar; the word is found only in W. Ger. languages, cf. Dutch beer, Ger. Eber)

boar (see See also:

• MELEAGER (Gk. M€X aypos)

MELEAGER) and the Argonautic expedition, and their battle with the sons of Aphareus, brought about by a See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel in regard to some See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle, in which Castor, the mortal (as the son of Tyndareus), See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell by the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of See also:

• IDAS

Idas . Pollux, finding him dead after the battle, implored Zeus to be allowed to See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die with him; this being impossible by See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason of his See also:

• IMMORTALITY (Lat. in-, not, mortalis, mortal, from mors, death)

immortality, Pollux was permitted to spend alternately one See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day among the gods, the other in Hades with his See also:

• BROTHER

brother . According to another See also:

• FABLE (Fr. fable, Lat. fabula)

fable, the god marked his approval of their love by placing them together in the See also:

• SKY (M. Eng. skie, cloud; O. Eng. skua, shade; connected with an Indo-European root sku, cover, whence " scum," Lat. obscurus, dark, &c.)

sky, as the Twins or the See also:

• MORNING

morning and evening See also:

• STAR

star (See also:

• HYGINUS
• HYGINUS (surnamed GROMATICUS, from gruma, a surveyor's measuring-rod)
• HYGINUS, GAIUS JULIUS

Hyginus, Poet . Astronom. ii . 22) . Like the See also:

• ASVINS

Asvins of the Veda, the bringers of See also:

• LIGHT

light in the morning sky, with whom they have been identified, the Dioscuri are represented as youthful horsemen, naked or wearing only a light chlamys . Their characteristic attribute is a pointed See also:

• EGG (O.E. aeg, cf. Ger. Ei, Swed. aegg, and prob. Gr. u,ov, Lat. ovum)
• EGG, AUGUSTUS LEOPOLD (1816-1863)

egg-shaped cap, surmounted by a star . Though their See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship was perhaps most carefully observed among people of Dorian origin, Castor and Pollux were held in no small veneration at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome .

It was the popular belief in that See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city from an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period that the battle of See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• REGILLUS

Regillus had been decided by their interposition (See also:

• DION

Dion . Halic. vi . 13) . They had fought, it was said, armed and mounted, at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the legions of the See also:

• COMMONWEALTH

commonwealth, and had afterwards carried the See also:

• NEWS

news of the victory with incredible See also:

• SPEED, JOHN (1552–1629)

speed to the city . The well in the See also:

• FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

Forum at which they alighted was pointed out, and near it See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose their ancient See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple, in which the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate often held its sittings . On the 15th of See also:

• JULY

July, the supposed anniversary of the battle, a See also:

• GREAT

great festival with sumptuous sacrifices was celebrated in their See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour, and a See also:

• SOLEMN (Lat. sollemnis, sollemnis, less correctly solennis, yearly, annual; from sollus = totus, whole, entire, Gr. Mos., and annus, year)

solemn See also:

• PARADE (Fr. parade, an adaptation from Ital. parada; cf. Span. parada, from Lat. parade, to prepare, equip, furnish)

parade of the Roman knights (transvectio equitum), who looked upon the Dioscuri as . their patrons, took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . (See also:

• APOLLODORUS

Apollodorus iii. to . 7, it . 2; Homer, Odyssey, xi . 299; Hyginus, Fab . 77 . 155; See also:

• PINDAR (Gr. HivSapos, c. 522–443 B.c.)

Pindar, Nem. x .

6o, 8o and schol.; Diod . Sic. iv . 43; Plutarch, Theseus, 32, 33; See also:

• THEOCRITUS

Theocritus, Idyll, xxii.) See See also:

• MAURICE (1521–1553)
• MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)
• MAURICE [or MAURITIUS], ST (d. c. 286)
• MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

Maurice See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert, Le Culte de Castor et Pollux en Italie (1883), with See also:

• SPECIAL

special descriptions and representations in See also:

• ART

art, on coins, vases and statues; S . Eitrem, " Die gottlichen Zwillinge bei den Griechen (treating of the divine beings mentioned in pairs in Greek mythology), in Videnskabs-Selskab Skrifter (See also:

• CHRISTIANIA (officially KRISTIANIA)

Christiania, 1902) ; W . R . See also:

• PATON, JOHN BROWN (1830- )
• PATON, SIR JOSEPH NOEL (1821-1901)

Paton, De Cultu Dioscurorum apud Graecos (See also:

• BONN

Bonn, 1894); L . Myriantheus, Arcvins See also:

• ODER (Lat. Viadua; Slavonic, Vjodr)

oder arische Dioskuren (See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich, 1876); J . R . See also:

• HARRIS, GEORGE, 1ST BARON (1746–1829)
• HARRIS, JAMES (1709-1780)
• HARRIS, JOEL CHANDLER (1848-1908)
• HARRIS, JOHN (c. 1666-1719)
• HARRIS, SIR WILLIAM SNOW
• HARRIS, THOMAS LAKE (1823-1906)
• HARRIS, WILLIAM TORREY (1835-1909)

Harris, The Dioscuri in the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian Legends (1903), and The Cult of the Heavenly Twins (1906); W . Helbig, " Die Castores als Schutzgotter See also:

• DES

des romischen Equitatus," in See also:

• HERMES
• HERMES, GEORG (1775-1831)

Hermes, xl . (1905); C . Jaisle, Die Dioskuren als Reiter zur See bei Griechen and Romern, and ihr Fortleben in christlichen Legenden (See also:

• TUBINGEN

Tubingen, 19o7); L .

See also:

• PRELLER, FRIEDRICH (1804–1878)
• PRELLER, LUDWIG (1809–1861)

Preller, Griechische and romische Mythologie; articles by A . See also:

• FURTWANGLER, ADOLF (1853–1907)

Furtwangler in See also:

• ROSCHER, WILHELM GEORG FRIEDRICH (1817–1894)

Roscher's Lexikon der Mythologie, and by M . Albert in Daremberg and Saglio's Dictionnaire des antiquites .