See also:

• MATTHIAS
• MATTHIAS (1557-1619)

MATTHIAS See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

ALEXANDER See also:

• MATTHIAS ALEXANDER CASTREN (1813-1853)

CASTREN (1813-1853)  , Finnish ethnologist and philologist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Tervola, in the See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish of Kemi in See also:

• FINLAND (Finnish, Suomi or Suomenmaa)

Finland, on the 2oth of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November (See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 2, 1813) . His See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• CASTREN, MATTHIAS ALEXANDER (1813-1853)

Castren, parish See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister at Rovaniemi, died in 1825; and See also:

• MATTHIAS
• MATTHIAS (1557-1619)

Matthias passed under the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, Mathias Castren, the kindly and learned See also:

• INCUMBENT (from Lat. incumbere, to lean, lie upon)

incumbent of Kemi . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twelve he was sent to school at Ulefiborg, and there he helped to maintain himself by teaching the younger See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children . On his removal to the See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander University at Helsingfprs in 183o, he first devoted himself to See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek and See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew with the intention of entering the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church; but his See also:

• INTEREST

interest was soon excited by the See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language of his native See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, and he even began before his course was completed to See also:

• LAY

lay the See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations of a See also:

• WORK

work on Finnish See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology . The See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity of See also:

• PERSONAL

personal explorations among the still unwritten See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages of cognate tribes soon made itself evident; and in 1838 he joined a medical See also:

• FELLOW

fellow-student, Dr . Ehrstrom, in a See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey through See also:

• LAPLAND, or LAPPLAND

Lapland . In the following See also:

• YEAR

year he travelled in See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian Karelia at the expense of the See also:

• LITERARY

Literary Society of Finland; and in 1841 he undertook, in See also:

• COMPANY

company with Dr See also:

• ELIAS, JOHN (1774-1841)

Elias See also:

• LONNROT, ELIAS (1802-1884)

Lonnrot, the See also:

• GREAT

great Finnish philologist, a third journey, which ultimately extended beyond the Ural as far as Obdorsk, and occupied a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of three years . Before starting on this last expedition he had published a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation into See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish of the Finnish epic of Kalevala; and on his return he gave to the See also:

• WORLD

world his Elementa grammatices Syrjaenae and Elementa grammatices Tscheremissae, 1844 . No sooner had he recovered from the illness which his last journey had occasioned than he set out, under the auspices of the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of St See also:

• PETERS (or PETER), HUGH (1598–166o)
• PETERS, KARL (1856– )

Peters-See also:

• BURG

burg and the See also:

• HELSINGFORS (Finnish Helsinki)

Helsingfors University, on an exploration of the whole See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of See also:

• SIBERIA

Siberia, which resulted in a vast addition to previous knowledge, but seriously affected the See also:

• HEALTH

health of the adventurous investigator . The first-fruits of his collections were published at St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg in 1849 in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a Versuch einer ostjakischen Sprachlehre . In 1850 he published a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise De affixis personalibus linguarum Altaicarum, and was appointed See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor at Helsingfors of the new See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of Finnish language and literature . The following year saw him raised to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of the university; and he was busily engaged in what he regarded as his See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal work, a Samoyedic See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar, when he died on the 7th of May 1853 .

Five volumes of his collected See also:

• WORKS

works appeared from 1852 to 1858, containing respectively—(1) Reseminnen frdn dren 1838—1844; (2) Reseberattelser och See also:

• BEEF (through O. Fr. boef, mod. boeuf, from Lat. bos, bovis, ox, Gr. f3oiir, which show the ultimate connexion with the Sanskrit go, gaits, ox, and thus with " cow")

beef dren 1845—1849; (3) Ferelasningar i Finsk mythologi; (4) Ethnologiska forelasningar lifter Altaiska folken; and (5) Smarre afhandlingar och akademiska dissertationer . A See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German translation was published by Anton See also:

• SCHIEFNER, FRANZ ANTON (1817-1879)

Schiefner, who was also entrusted by the St Petersburg Academy with the editing of his See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts, which had been See also:

• LEFT

left to the Helsingfors University and which were subsequently published .