CASTRES  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of an See also:

• ARRONDISSEMENT (from arrondir, to make round)

arrondissement in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• TARN
• TARN (O. Eng. tame, Scand. tjarn, tjdrn, horn, &c.)

Tarn, 29 M . S.S.E. of See also:

• ALBI

Albi on a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch See also:

• LINE

line of the See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern railway . Pop . (1906) town, 19,864; See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

commune, 28,272 . Castres, the busiest and most populous town of its department, is intersected from See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north to south by the Agout; the See also:

• RIVER

river is fringed by old houses the upper stories of which project over its See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters . Wide boulevards See also:

• TRAVERSE

traverse the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of the town, which is also rendered attractive by numerous fountains fed by a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• AQUEDUCT (Lat. aqua, water, and ducere, to lead; Gr. apaymryeiov, apayeeywov, vlrovopos)

aqueduct hewn in the See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• BENOIT, PETER LEONARD LEOPOLD (1834—1901)

Benoit, once a See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral, and the most important of the churches of Castres, See also:

• DATES

dates only from the 17th and 18th centuries . The hotel de See also:

• VINE

vine, which contains a museum and the municipal library, occupies the former See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop's See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace,designed by Jules Mansart in the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century; the Romanesque See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower beside it is the only survival of an old See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey . The town possesses some old mansions of which the hotel de Nayrac, of the See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance, is of most See also:

• INTEREST

interest . Castres has a sub-prefecture, tribunals of first instance and of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, a See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade-arbitrators, a chamber of commerce, a branch of the See also:

• BANK

bank of France and two hospitals . There are also communal colleges for boys and girls, a school of See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery and school of draughtsmanship . The See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial establishments include manufactories of earthenware and See also:

• PORCELAIN

porcelain and See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal-foundries, and tanning, See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather-dressing, turnery, the making of wooden shoes and See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture, the See also:

• WEAVING

weaving of woollen and other fabrics, See also:

• DYEING (0. Eng. dedgian, dealt ; Mid. Eng. deyen)

dyeing, and the manufacture of machinery, See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper and See also:

• PARCHMENT

parchment are carried on .

Castres See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew up See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round a Benedictine abbey, which is believed to have been founded in the 7th century . It was a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of considerable importance as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as the 12th century, and ranked as the second town of the Albigenses . During the Albigensian crusade it surrendered of its own See also:

• ACCORD (from Fr. accorder, to agree)

accord to See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon de See also:

• MONTFORT
• MONTFORT, SIMON DE, EARL OF LEICESTER (d. 1265)

Montfort; and in 1356 it was raised to a countship by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of France . On the See also:

• CONFISCATION (from Lat. confiscare, to consign to the fiscus, or imperial treasury)

confiscation of the possessions of the D'See also:

• ARMAGNAC

Armagnac See also:

• FAMILY

family, to which it had passed, it was bestowed by See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XI. on Boffilo del Giudice, but the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment led to so much disagreement that the countship was See also:

• UNITED

united to the See also:

• CROWN

crown by See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis I. in 1519 . In the See also:

• WARS

wars of the latter See also:

• PART

part of the 16th century the inhabitants sided with the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant party, fortified the town, and established an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic . They were brought to terms, however, by Louis XIII., and forced to dismantle their fortifications; and the town was made the seat of the chambre de l'edit, or chamber for the investigation of the affairs of the Protestants, afterwards transferred to Casteinaudary (in 1679) . The bishopric of Castres, which had been established by See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope John XXII. in 1317, was abolished at the Revolution .