See also:

• CATILINE [Lucius SERGIUS CATILINA] (C. I08-62 B.C.)

CATILINE [See also:

• LUCIUS

Lucius See also:

• SERGIUS, ST

SERGIUS CATILINA] (C. I08-62 B.C.)  , a member of an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient but impoverished patrician See also:

• FAMILY

family of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, the See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime mover in the See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy known by his name . He appears in See also:

• HISTORY

history first as a supporter of See also:

• SULLA, LUCIUS CORNELIUS (138–78 B.C.)

Sulla, and during the proscription he was conspicuous for his greed and See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty . He slew his inoffensive See also:

• BROTHER

brother-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law with his own See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, and tortured and mutilated the much-loved See also:

• MARIUS, GAIUS (r55–86 B.c.)

Marius Gratidianus . He was believed to have made away with his wife and his son to win the profligate and wealthy See also:

• AURELIA, VIA

Aurelia Orestilla; it was even suspected that he had been guilty of an intrigue with the Vestal Fabia . In 77 he was See also:

• QUAESTOR (from Lat. quaero, investigate)

quaestor, in 68 See also:

• PRAETOR (Lat. prae-itor, " he who goes before," "a leader")

praetor, and in 67-66 See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . His extortions and subsequent See also:

• IMPEACHMENT (O. Fr. empeahement, empeschement, from em pecher or empescher, to hinder, Late Lat. impedicare, to entangle, pedica, fetter, pes, foot)

impeachment by P . See also:

• CLODIUS

Clodius Pulcher having disqualified him as a See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate for the consulship, he formed a conspiracy, in which he was joined by See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young men of all classes, even See also:

• CRASSUS (literally " dense," " thick," " fat ")

Crassus and See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

Caesar, according to rumour, being implicated . The new consuls were to be murdered on the 1st of See also:

• JANUARY

January; bvt the See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot—the See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution of which was deferred till the 5th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February—failed in consequence of the impatience of See also:

• CATILINE [Lucius SERGIUS CATILINA] (C. I08-62 B.C.)

Catiline, who gave the See also:

• SIGNAL

signal too hastily . Soon after, Catiline, having bribed both See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges and accuser, was acquitted in the trial for See also:

• EXTORTION (Lat. extorsio, from extorquere, to twist out, to take away by force)

extortion . His`See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme was forthwith immensely widened . The See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city was to be fired, and those who opposed the revolution were to be slain; all debts were to be cancelled; and there was to be a proscription of all the wealthy citizens . Among the conspirators were many men of the first See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank and See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence .

Arms and See also:

• MONEY

money were collected, soldiers were enlisted, and the assistance of the slaves was sought . But Catiline's hopes were again disappointed; once more he failed to obtain the consulship (64); and, moreover, it soon became apparent that one of the new consuls, See also:

• CICERO

Cicero, was mysteriously able to thwart all the schemes of the conspirators . He was, in fact, informed. of every detail, through Fulvia, the See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress of Curius, one of the plotters,who was himself soon persuaded to turn informer . The other See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul, C . See also:

• ANTONIUS

Antonius, in whom Catiline hoped to find a supporter, was won over and got out of the way by Cicero, who resigned the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• MACEDONIA

Macedonia in his favour . Before the next See also:

• COMITIA

comitia consularia assembled, the orator had given so impressive a warning of the danger which was impending, that Catiline was once more rejected (63), and the consuls were invested with See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute authority . Catiline now resolved upon open See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war; preparations were set on See also:

• FOOT

foot throughout See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, especially in See also:

• ETRURIA

Etruria, where the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard of revolt was raised by the See also:

• CENTURION (Lat. centuria)

centurion C . See also:

• MANLIUS

Manlius (or Mallius), one of Sulla's veterans . A See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan to See also:

• MURDER

murder Cicero in his own See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house on the See also:

• MORNING

morning of the 7th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November was frustrated . On the next See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day Cicero at-tacked Catiline so vigorously in the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate (in his first Catilinarian oration) that he fled to his See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in Etruria . Next day Cicero awoke the terror of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people by a second oration delivered in the See also:

• FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

forum, in consequence of which Catiline and Manlius were declared public enemies, and the consul Antonius was despatched with an army against them . Meanwhile the imprudence of the conspirators in Rome brought about their own destruction .

Some deputies from the See also:

• ALLOBROGES (in Gr. usually 'AXX6j3peryes)

Allobroges, who had been sent to Rome to obtain redress for certain grievances, were approached by P . See also:

• LENTULUS

Lentulus Sura, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the conspirators, who endeavoured to induce them to join him . After considerable hesitation, the deputies decided to turn informers . The plot was betrayed to Cicero, at whose instigation documentary See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence was obtained, implicating Lentulus and others . They were arrested, proved guilty, and on the 5th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December condemned to See also:

• DEATH

death and strangled in the underground See also:

• DUNGEON

dungeon on the slope of the Capitol . This See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act, which was opposed by See also:

• JULIUS

Julius Caesar and advocated by See also:

• CATO, DIONYSIUS
• CATO, MARCUS PORCIUS (234—149 B.c.)
• CATO, MARCUS PORCIUS (95-46 B.c.)
• CATO, PUBLIUS VALERIUS

Cato Uticensis (and, indirectly, by Cicero), was afterwards vigorously attacked as a violation of the constitution, on the ground that the senate had no See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of See also:

• LIFE

life and death over a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen . Thus a heavy See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow was dealt to the cause of Catiline, who, in the beginning of 62, saw his legions, only partially armed and diminished by See also:

• DESERTION

desertion, shut in between those of See also:

• METELLUS

Metellus Celer and C . Antonius . Near Pistoria he hazarded See also:

• BATTLE

battle with the forces of the latter, but was completely defeated in a desperate encounter . He himself, fighting with the utmost bravery, rushed into the ranks of the enemy and met his death . Such was the conspiracy of Catiline and the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of its author, as we find them in the speeches of Cicero, and the histories of See also:

• SALLUST [Gams SALLUSTIUS CRlspus] (86–34 B.c.)

Sallust and Dio See also:

• CASSIUS
• CASSIUS, AVIDIUS (d. A.D. 175)
• CASSIUS, GAIUS

Cassius (see also See also:

• PLUTARCH
• PLUTARCH (Gr. llXoi rapxos) (c. A.D. 46–120)

Plutarch, Cicero; See also:

• VEIL (O.Fr. veile, mod. voile, from Lat. velum, cloth, awning, sail)

Veil . Pat. ii .

35; See also:

• FLORUS
• FLORUS, JULIUS
• FLORUS, PUBLIUS ANNIUS

Florus iv. i; See also:

• APPIAN (Gr. 'Aairtavbs)

Appian, B.C. ii . 6; See also:

• EUTROPIUS

Eutropius vi . 15) . It must not be forgotten, however, that our authorities were all members of the aristocratic party . Some of the incidents given as facts by Dio Cassius are See also:

• MANIFEST (Lat. manifestus, clear, open to view)

manifest absurdities; and Cicero paid more regard to the effect than to the truthfulness of an See also:

• ACCUSATION (Lat. accusatio, accusare, to challenge to a causa, a suit or trial at law)

accusation . We find him at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time admitting that Catiline had almost persuaded him of his honesty and merit, and even seeking a See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union with him; at another, when his See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance had been rejected and an See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election was at hand, declaiming against him as a murderer and a profligate . Lastly, though Sallust's vivid narrative is consistent throughout, it is obvious that he cherished very See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter feelings against the democratic party . Nevertheless, we cannot regard Catiline as an honest RoME: History, The See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic .