See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

JACOB See also:

• JACOB CATS (1577-1660)

CATS (1577-1660)  , Dutch poet and humorist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Brouwershaven in See also:

• ZEELAND (or ZEALAND)

Zeeland on the loth of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1577 . Having lost his See also:

• MOTHER

mother at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, and being adopted with his three See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers by an See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, See also:

• CATS, JACOB (1577-1660)

Cats was sent to school at Zierikzee . He then studied See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law at See also:

• LEIDEN

Leiden and at See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans, and, returning to See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland, he settled at the See also:

• HAGUE, THE (in Dutch, 's Gravenhage, or, abbreviated, den Haag; in Fr. La Haye; and in Late Lat. Haga Comitis)

Hague, where he began to practise as an See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate . His See also:

• PLEADING (Fr. plaider, plaidoyer)

pleading in See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of a wretched creature accused of See also:

• WITCHCRAFT

witchcraft brought him many clients and some reputation . He had a serious love affair about this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, which was broken off on the very See also:

• EVE

eve of See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage by his catching a tertian See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever which defied all attempts at cure for some two years . For medical See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice and See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air Cats went to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, where he consulted the highest authorities in vain . He returned to Zeeland to See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die, but was cured mysteriously by a strolling See also:

• QUACK

quack . He married in 1602 a See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady of some See also:

• PROPERTY

property, Elisabeth von Valkenburg, and thenceforward lived at Grypskerke in Zeeland, where he devoted himself to farming and See also:

• POETRY

poetry . His best See also:

• WORKS

works are: Emblemata or Minnebeelden with Maegdenplicht (1618); Spiegel See also:

• VAN

van den ouden en nieuwen Tijt (1632); Houwelijck . . . (1625); Selfstrijt (1620); Ouderdom, Buitem See also:

• LEVEE (from Fr. lever, to raise)
• LEVEE (from the French substantival use of lever, to rise; there is no French substantival use of levee in the English sense)

levee . . . en Hofgedachten op Sorgvliet (1664); and Gedachten op slapelooze nachten (1661) .

In 1621, on the expiration of the twelve years' truce with See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, the breaking of the dykes drove him from his See also:

• FARM

farm . He was made See also:

• PENSIONARY

pensionary (stipendiary See also:

• MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

magistrate) of See also:

• MIDDELBURG

Middelburg; and two years afterwards of See also:

• DORT, SYNOD OF

Dort . In 1627 Cats came to England on a See also:

• MISSION

mission to See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles I., who made him a See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight . In 1636 he was made See also:

• GRAND

grand pensionary of Holland, and in 1648 keeper of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

seal; in 1651 he resigned his offices, but in 1657 he was sent a second time to England on what proved to be an unsuccessful mission to See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell . In the seclusion of his See also:

• VILLA

villa of Sorgvliet (See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

Fly-from-Care), near the Hague, he lived from this time till his See also:

• DEATH

death, occupied in the See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition of his autobiography (Eighty-two Years of My See also:

• LIFE

Life, first printed at Leiden in 1734) and of his poems . He died on the 12th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 166o, and was buried by torchlight, and with great ceremony, in the Klooster-Kerk at the Hague . He is still spoken of as " See also:

• FATHER

Father Cats " by his countrymen . Cats was contemporary with See also:

• HOOFT, PIETER CORNELISSEN (1581-1647)

Hooft and See also:

• VONDEL, JOOST VAN DEN (1587—1679)

Vondel and other distinguished Dutch writers in the See also:

• GOLDEN

golden age of Dutch literature, but his Orangist and Calvinistic opinions separated him from the liberal school of See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam poets . He was, however, intimate with Constantin See also:

• HUYGENS, CHRISTIAAN (1629-1695)
• HUYGENS, SIR CONSTANTIJN (1596-1687)

Huygens, whose See also:

• POLITICAL

political opinions were more nearly in agreement with his own . For an estimate of his poetry see DUTCH LITERATURE . Hardly known outside of Holland, among his own See also:

• PEOPLE

people for nearly two centuries he enjoyed an enormous popularity . His diffuseness and the antiquated See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of his See also:

• MATTER

matter and diction, have, however, come to be regarded as difficulties in the way of study, and he is more renowned than read .

A statue to him was erected at Brouwershaven in 1829 . See See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

Jacob Cats, See also:

• COMPLETE

Complete Works (1790-1800, 19 vols.), later See also:

• EDITIONS

editions by van Vloten (See also:

• ZWOLLE

Zwolle, 1858-1866; and at See also:

• SCHIEDAM

Schiedam, 1869-187o) ; Pigott, Moral Emblems, with Aphorisms, &c., from Jacob Cats (186o) ; and P . C . Witsen Gejisbek, Het See also:

• LEVEN
• LEVEN, ALEXANDER LESLIE, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1580-1661)
• LEVEN, LOCH

Leven en de Verdienstenwan Jacob Cats (1829) . See also:

• SOU (O. Fr. sol, Lat, solidus, sc. nummus)

Sou they has a very complimentary reference to Cats in his " See also:

• EPISTLE

Epistle to See also:

• ALLAN, DAVID (1744–1796)
• ALLAN, SIR HUGH (1810–1882)
• ALLAN, SIR WILLIAM (1782–1850)

Allan See also:

• CUNNINGHAM, ALEXANDER (c.1655-173o)
• CUNNINGHAM, ALLAN (1784-1842)
• CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM (1805-1861)

Cunningham.' See also:

• CAT
• CAT, CIVET
• CAT, HOUSE

CAT'S-See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

EYE, a name given to several distinct minerals, their See also:

• COMMON

common characteristic being that when cut with a See also:

• CONVEX

convex See also:

• SURFACE

surface they display a luminous See also:

• BAND

band, like that seen by reflection in the eye of a cat . (1) See also:

• PRECIOUS (O. Fr. precios, mod. precieux, Lat. pretiosus, of high value or price, pretium)

Precious cat's-eye, See also:

• ORIENTAL

oriental cat's-eye or See also:

• CHRYSOBERYL

chrysoberyl cat's-eye . This, the rarest of all, is a chatoyant variety of chrysoberyl (q.v.), showing in the finest stones a very sharply defined See also:

• LINE

line of See also:

• LIGHT

light . One of the grandest known specimens was in the See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope collection of precious stones, exhibited for many years at the See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria and See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert Museum . (2) See also:

• QUARTZ

Quartz cat's-eye . This537 is the common See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of cat's-eye, in which the effect is due to the inclusion of parallel See also:

• FIBRES
• FIBRES (or FIBERS, in American spelling; from Lat. fibra, apparently connected either with filum, thread, or findere, to split)

fibres of See also:

• ASBESTOS

asbestos . Like the chrysoberyl, it is obtained chiefly from See also:

• CEYLON

Ceylon, but though coming from the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East it is often called "occidental cat's-eye "—a See also:

• TERM

term intended simply to distinguish it from the finer or "oriental" See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone . It is readily distinguished by its inferior See also:

• DENSITY (Lat. densus, thick)

density, its specific gravity being only 2.65, whilst that of oriental cat's-eye is as high as 3'7 .

A greenish fibrous quartz, cut as cat's-eye, occurs at See also:

• HOF

Hof and some other localities in, See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria . (3) See also:

• CROCIDOLITE

Crocidolite cat's-eye, a beautiful golden See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown See also:

• MINERAL

mineral, with silky fibres, found in Griqualand See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West, and much used in See also:

• RECENT

recent years as an ornamental stone, sometimes under the name of " See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• AFRICAN

African cat's-eye." It consists of fibrous quartz, coloured with See also:

• OXIDE

oxide of See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, and results from the alteration of crocidolite (q.v.) . It is often distinguished as " See also:

• TIGER
• TIGER (Felis tigris)

tiger's-eye " (or more commonly " tiger-eye "), whilst a See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue variety, less altered, is known as " See also:

• HAWK (O. Eng. hafoc or heafoc, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch havik, Ger. Habicht; the root is hab-, haf-, to hold, cf. Lat. accipiter, from capere)

hawk's-eye." By the See also:

• ACTION

action of hydrochloric See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid the See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour of tiger's-eye may to a large extent be removed, and a greyish cat's-eye obtained . (4) See also:

• CORUNDUM

Corundum cat's-eye . In some asteriated corundum (see See also:

• ASTERIA

ASTERIA) the See also:

• STAR

star is imperfect and may be reduced to a luminous See also:

• ZONE (Gr. 'WV77, a girdle, from 'wvvLvay to gird)

zone, producing an indistinct cat's-eye effect . According to the colour of the corundum the stone is known as See also:

• SAPPHIRE

sapphire cat's-eye, See also:

• RUBY (Lat. rubeus, red)

ruby cat's-eye, See also:

• TOPAZ

topaz cat's-eye, &c . (F . W .