See also:

• CATTARO (Serbo-Croatian Kotor)

CATTARO (Serbo-Croatian Kotor)  , the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• TOWN

town of an administrative See also:

• DISTRICT

district in See also:

• DALMATIA (Ger. Dalmatien; Ital. Dalmazia; Serbo-Croatian, Dalmacija)

Dalmatia, See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria . Pop . (1900) of town, 3021; of See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

commune, 5418 . See also:

• CATTARO (Serbo-Croatian Kotor)

Cattaro occupies a narrow ledge between the Montenegrin Mountains and the Bocche di Cattaro, a winding and beautiful inlet of the Adriatic See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea . This inlet expands into five broad gulfs, See also:

• UNITED

united by narrower channels, and forms one of the finest natural harbours in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . Teodo, on the outermost gulf, is a small See also:

• NAVAL

naval See also:

• PORT

port . Cattaro is strongly fortified, and about 3000 troops are stationed in its neighbourhood . On the seaward See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, the defensive See also:

• WORKS

works include Castelnuovo (Erceg Novi), which See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

guards the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main entrance to the Bocche . On the landward side, the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long walls See also:

• RUNNING

running from the town to the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of See also:

• SAN

San Giovanni, far above, See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a striking feature in the landscape; and the heights of the Krivoscie or Crevoscia (Krivosije), a See also:

• GROUP

group of barren mountains between See also:

• MONTENEGRO

Montenegro, Herzegovina and the sea, are crowned by small forts . Cattaro is divided almost equally between the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic and Orthodox See also:

• CREEDS (Lat. credo, I believe), or CONFESSIONS OF FAITH

creeds . It is the seat of a Roman Catholic See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop, with a small See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral, a collegiate See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church and several convents . The transit See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade with Montenegro is impeded by high tariffs on both sides of the frontier .

See also:

• FOREIGN

Foreign visitors to Montenegro usually See also:

• LAND

land at Cattaro, which is connected by steamer with See also:

• TRIESTE (Ger. Triest; Slay. Trst; the Roman Tergeste, q.v.)

Trieste and by road with See also:

• CETTIGNE (Servian, Tsetinye; also written Cettinje, Tzetinje, and Tsettinye)

Cettigne . The railway from See also:

• RAGUSA
• RAGUSA (Serbo-Croatian Dubrovnik)

Ragusa terminates at Zelenika, near Castelnuovo . There are many interesting places on the shores of the Bocche . Castelnuovo is a picturesque town, with a dismantled 14th-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century citadel, which has, at various times, been occupied by Bosnians, See also:

• TURKS

Turks, . Venetians, Spaniards, Russians, See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, See also:

• ENGLISH

English and Austrians . The orthodox See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent of St Sava, See also:

• STANDING

standing amid beautiful gardens, was founded in the 16th century, and contains many See also:

• FINE

fine specimens of 17th-century See also:

• SILVER

silver-smiths' See also:

• WORK

work . There is a See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine monastery on a small See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island opposite to Perasto (Perast), 8 m. See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of Castelnuovo . Perasto itself was for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state in the 14th century . Rhizon, the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• HAMLET

hamlet of Risano, See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close by, was a thriving " Illyrian " See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as 229 B.C., and gave its name to the Bocche, then known as Rhizonicus Sinus . Rhizon submitted to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome in 168 B.C., and about the same time Ascrivium, or Ascruvium, the modern Cattaro, is first mentioned as a neighbouring city .. Justinian built a fortress above Ascrivium in A.U . 535, after expelling the Goths, and a second town probably See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew up on the heights See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round it, for See also:

• CONSTANTINE

Constantine See also:

• PORPHYRY (IlopcPisptos) (A.D. 233-c. 304)

Porphyry genitus, in the loth century, alludes to " See also:

• LOWER

Lower Cattaro " (rb Karw Clesarepa) .

The city was plundered by the . See also:

• SARACENS

Saracens in 84o, and by the Bulgarians in 1102 . In the next See also:

• YEAR

year it was ceded to See also:

• SERVIA

Servia by the Bulgarian See also:

• TSAR, or CZAR

tsar See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel, but revolted, in See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with Ragusa, and only submitted in 1184, as a protected state, preserving intact its republican institutions, and its right to conclude See also:

• TREATIES

treaties and engage in See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . It was already an episcopal see, and, in the 13th century, Dominican and Franciscan monasteries were established to check the spread of Bogomilism . In the 14th century the See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce of Cattaro rivalled that of Ragusa, and provoked the See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice . The downfall of Servia in 1389 See also:

• LEFT

left the city without a See also:

• GUARDIAN

guardian, and, after being seized and abandoned by Venice and See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary in turn, it passed under Venetian See also:

• RULE

rule in 1420 . It was besieged by the Turks in 1538 and 1657, visited by See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague in 1572, and nearly destroyed by earthquakes in 1563 and 1667 . By the treaty of Campo-Formio in 1797 it passed to Austria; but in 18o5, by the treaty of See also:

• PRESSBURG (Hung. Pozsony, Lat. Posonium)

Pressburg, it was assigned to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, and was united in 1810 with the French See also:

• EMPIRE

empire . In 1814 it was restored to Austria by the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna . The See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to enforce compulsory military service, made and abandoned in 1869, but finally successful in 1881, led to two See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short-lived revolts among the Krivoscians, during which Cattaro was the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head-quarters . See G . Gelcich (Gelcic), Memorie storiche sulle Bocche di Cattaro (See also:

• ZARA (Serbo-Croatian Zadar)

Zara, 188o) .