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CAUSSIN DE PERCEVAL

CAUSTIC (Gr. rcavvraubs, burning)

SIR PROBY THOMAS CAUTLEY (1802-1871)

CAUVERY, or KAVERI

CAVA DEI TIRRENI

SIR PIERRE LOUIS NAPOLEON CAVAGNARI (1841–1879)

JEAN BAPTISTE CAVAIGNAC (1762–1829)

LOUIS EUGENE CAVAIGNAC (1802–1857)

GUIDO CAVALCANTI (c. 1250-1300)

JEAN CAVALIER (1681-1740)

EMILIO DEL CAVALIERE

FRANCESCO CAVALLI (1599?-1676)

PIETRO CAVALLINI (c. 1259-1344)

TIBERIUS CAVALLO (1749-1809)

FELICE CAVALLOTTI (1842-1898)

CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

ANTONIO JOSE CAVANILLES (1745–1804)

CAVATINA (Ital. diminutive of cavata, the producing of tone from an instrument, plural cavatine)

CAVE (Lat. cavea, from caves, hollow)

EDWARD CAVE (1691–1754)

WILLIAM CAVE (1637–1713)

CAVEAT (Latin for " let him beware," from cavere)

GEORGE CAVENDISH (1500-1562?)

HENRY CAVENDISH (1731-1810)

SIR WILLIAM CAVENDISH (c. 1505-1557)

CAVETTO (Ital. diminutive of cave, hollow)

CAVIARE, or CAVIAR

CAVOUR (anc. Caburrum or Forum Vibii)

COUNT CAMILLO BENSO CAVOUR (1810–18.61)

CAWNPORE, or KANPUR

WILLIAM CAXTON (c. 1422-1491)

CAYENNE PEPPER (GUINEA PEPPER, SPANISH PEPPER, CHILLY)

ARTHUR CAYLEY (1821-1895)

JACQUES ANTOINE MARIE DE CAZALES (1758-18os)

HENRI CAZALIS (1840-1909)

JACQUES CAZOTTE (1719-1792)

CEAWLIN (d. 593)

CECROPS (Ke,cpo,ti)

CEDAR (Lat. cedrus, Gr. iapos)

CEFALU (anc. Cephaloedium)

CEILING (from a verb " to ceil," i.e. to line or cover; of disputed etymology, but apparently connected with Fr. ciel, Lat. caelum, sky)

REMY CEILLIER (1688-1761)

CELERY (Apium graveolens)

MADAME CELESTE (1815–1882)

OR STELLAR CELESTIAL

CELESTINE (CAELESTINUS)

CELESTINE, or CELESTITE

CELIBACY (Lat. caelibatus, from caelebs, unmarried)

CELL (from Lat. cella, probably from an Indo-European kal —seen in Lat. celare, to hide; another suggestion connects the word with Lat. cera, wax, taking the original meaning to refer to the honeycomb)

CELLARET (i.e. little cellar)

ALFRED CELLIER (1844-1891)

BENVENUTO CELLINI (1500-1571)

ANDERS CELSIUS (1701-1744)

CELSUS (c. A.D. 178)

KONRAD CELTES (1459-'1508)

CEMENT (from Lat. caementum, rough pieces of stone, a shortened form of caedimentum, from caedere, to cut)

CEMETERY (Gr. Korrsnri7pwv, from Hoiµav, to sleep)

BEATRICE CENCI (1577-1599)

CENOBITES (from Gr. wale's, common, and f3ios, life)

CENOTAPH (Gr. ,cevos, empty, racks, tomb)

CENSOR (from Lat. censere, assess, estimate; in Gr. rt s ris)

CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

CENTAURUS (" T11 CENTAUR ")

CENTAURY (Erythraea Centaurium, natural order Gentianaceae)

CENTENARY (from Lat. centenarius, of or belonging to a hundred, from centeni, distributive of centum, hundred)

SUSANNA CENTLIVRE (c. 1667-1723)

CENTO (Gr. idvrpwv, Lat. cento, patchwork)

CENTRAL AMERICA

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA

CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN

CENTRAL PROVINCES AND BERAR

CENTUMVIRI (centum, hundred; vir, man)

CENTURION (Lat. centuria)

CENTURIPE (formerly CENTORBI, anc. KepiOpal-a or Centuripae)

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

CEOS (Gr. Kiws, mod. Zea or Tzia)

CEPHALONIA (Ital. Cefalonia, ancient and modern official Greek Cephallenia, Ke¢aXMvia)

CERAMICS, or KERAMICS (Gr. KEpapos, earthenware)

CERDIC (d. 534)

CEREALIS (CERIALIS), PETILLIUS (1st century A.D.)

CERINTHUS (c. A.D. 100)

CERIUM (symbol Ce, atomic weight 140.25)

HENRI CERNUSCHI (1821-1896)

CEROGRAPHY (from the Gr. K1jpos, wax, and ypacew, to write)

CERRO DE PASCO, or PASCO

GIUSEPPE ANTONIO GIACHIMO CERUTTI (1738-1792)

MIGUEL DE CERVANTES SAAVEDRA (1547-1616)

PASCUAL CERVERA Y TOPETE CERVERA (1839-1909)

CESAR FRANCOIS CASSINI

GIUSEPPE CESARI

CESENA (anc. Caesena)

LUIGI PALMA DI CESNOLA (1832–1904)

CESPEDES (in Ital. CEDASPE), PABLO DE (1538—1608)

CESS (a shortened form of " assess "; the spelling is due to a mistaken connexion with " census ")

CESSIO BONORUM (Latin for a " surrender of goods ")

CETACEA (from the Gr. ,Eros, a whale)

CETTIGNE (Servian, Tsetinye; also written Cettinje, Tzetinje, and Tsettinye)

CETUS (" The Whale ")

CETYWAYO ( ?-1884)

CEUTA (Arabic Sebta)

CEVENNES (Lat. Cebenna or Gebenna)

GUTIERRE DE CFTINA (1518?-1572?)

FRANCOIS CHABOT (1757-1794)

GEORGES ANTOINE CHABOT

COUNT OF CHARNY AND BUZANSAIS SEIGNEUR DE BRION PHILIPPE DE CHABOT ((a 1492-1543)

CHABRIAS (4th century B.C.)

ALEXIS EMMANUEL CHABRIER (1841-1894)

CHACONNE (Span. chacona)

SAINT CHAD [CEADDA] (d. 672)

LAURENCE CHADERTON (?1536-164o)

SIR EDWIN CHADWICK (18o0-1890)

CHAERONEIA, or CHAERONEA

CHAETOPODA (Gr. xairq, hair, aous, foot)

CHAFF (from the A.S. ceaf, allied to the O. High Ger. cheva, a husk or pod)

CHAFFARINAS, or ZAFFARINES

ADNA ROMANZA CHAFFEE (1842- )

CHAFFINCH (Fringilla coelebs)

CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

CHAISE (the French for " chair," through a transference from a "sedan-chair" to a wheeled vehicle)

COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON

CHALCEDONY, or CALCEDONY (sometimes called by old writers cassidoine)

CHALCONDYLES I (or CHALCOCONDYLAS), LAONICUS

CHALICE (through a central O. Fr. form of the Lat. calix, calicis, cup)

JOSEPH CHALIER (1747—1793)

JOHN CHALKHILL (fl. r600?)

CHALKING THE DOOR

JEAN BAPTISTE MARIUS AUGUSTIN CHALLAMEL (1818-'894)

CHALLENGE (O. Fr. chalonge, calenge, &c., from Lat. calumnia, originally meaning trickery, from calvi, to deceive, hence a false accusation, a " calumny ")

RICHARD CHALLONER (1691-1781)

ALEXANDER CHALMERS (1759-1834)

GEORGE CHALMERS (1742-1825)

GEORGE PAUL CHALMERS (1836-1878)

JAMES CHALMERS (1841-1901)

THOMAS CHALMERS (1780-1847)

SIR THOMAS CHALONER (1521-1565)

HEINRICH MORITZ CHALYBAUS (1796-1862)

CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.

JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN (1836— )

JOSHUA LAWRENCE CHAMBERLAIN (1828– )

SIR NEVILLE BOWLES CHAMBERLAIN (1820-1902)

WILLIAM CHAMBERLAYNE (1619-1679)

CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)

EPHRAIM CHAMBERS (d. 1740)

GEORGE CHAMBERS (1803-1840)

ROBERT CHAMBERS (18oz-1871)

SIR WILLIAM CHAMBERS (1726-1796)

COMTE DE HENRI CHARLES FERDINAND MARIE DIEUDONNE CHAMBORD (182o-1883)

CHAMBRE ARDENTE (Fr. " burning' chamber ")

CHAMPFER CHAMFER

SEBASTIEN ROCH NICOLAS CHAMFORT (1741-1794)

FREDERICK CHAMIER (1796–1870)

CHAMILLART MICHEL (1652–1721)

CECILE CHAMINADE (1861– )

ADELBERT VON [Louis CHARLES ADELAIDE DE] CHAMISSO (1781–1838)

CHAMOMILE, or CAMOMILE FLOWERS

PHILIPPE DE CHAMPAIGNE (1602-1674)

CHAMPARAN, or CWJMPARUN

WILLIAM OF [GULIELMUS CAMPELLENSIS] CHAMPEAUX (C. 1070-1121)

CHAMPERTY, or CHAMPARTY (Lat. campi partitio, O. Fr. champ parti)

CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

JEAN ETIENNE CHAMPIONNET (1762-1800)

SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN (1567-1635)

MARIE CHAMPMESLE (1642-1698)

JEAN FRANCOIS CHAMPOLLION (1790–1832)

CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")

CHANCEL (through O. Fr. from Lat. plur. cancelli, dim. of cancer, grating, lattice, probably connected with an Indo-European root Kar-, to bend; cf. circus, curve, &c.)

CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

CHANCELLORSVILLE

CHAND BARDAI (fl. c. 1200)

HENRY WILLIAM CHANDLER (1828-1889)

RICHARD CHANDLER (1738-1810)

SAMUEL CHANDLER (1693-1766)

ZACHARIAH CHANDLER (1813-1879)

BARONS AND DUKES OF CHANDOS

SIR JOHN CHANDOS (?-137o)

CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA (reigned 321–296 B.c.)

KIU CHANG CHUN (1148-1227)

NICOLAS ANNE THEODULE CHANGARNIER (1793–1877)

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

CHANGRA, or KANGHARI (anc. Gangra; called also till the time of Caracalla, Germanicopolis, after the emperor Claudius)

CHANNEL ISLANDS (French Iles Normandes)

WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING (1780–1842)

CHANSONS DE GESTE

CHANT (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. cantare, to sing; an old form is " chaunt ")

CHANTABUN, or CITANTABURI

CHANTAGE (a Fr. word from chanter, to sing, slang for a criminal making an avowal under examination)

HENRI CHANTAVOINE (1850– )

SIR FRANCIS LEGATT CHANTREY (1782-1841)

CHANTRY (Fr. chanterie, from chanter, to sing; Med. Lat. cantuaria)

ANTOINE EUGENE ALFRED CHANZY (1823-1883)

CHAPBOOK (from the O. Eng. chap, to buy and sell)

CHAPE (from the Fr. drape, a hood, cope or sheath)

JEAN CHAPELAIN (1595-1674)

CHAPELLE ARDENTE (Fr. " burning chapel ")

HENRY CHAPLIN (1841– )

CHAPMAN (from O. Eng. ceap, and Mid. Eng. ,heap, to barter, cf. " Cheapside " in London, and Ger. Kaufmann)

GEORGE CHAPMAN (? 1559–1634)

HESTER CHAPONE (1727–1801)

CLAUDE CHAPPE (1763–18o5)

WILLIAM CHAPPELL (1809–1888)

CHAPRA, or CHUPRA

COMTE DE JEAN ANTOINE CLAUDE CHAPTAL

CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

CHAR (Salvelinus)

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

JEAN MARTIN CHARCOT (1825-1893)

JOHN ROUSE MERRIOTT CHARD (1847-1897)

JEAN SIMEON CHARDIN (1699-1779)

SIR JOHN CHARDIN (1643-1713)

CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

CHARIBERT (d. 567)

CHARIOT (derived from an O. Fr. word, formed from char, a car)

FLAVIUS SOSIPATER CHARISIUS

CHARITY AND CHARITIES

CHARLATAN (Ital. ciarlatano, from ciarlare, to chatter)

CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)

JEAN ARMAND CHARLEMAGNE (1753–1838)

1ST EARL JAMES CAULFEILD CHARLEMONT

CHARLEROI (Carolus Rex)

CHARLES (1270-1325)

CHARLES (1421-1461)

CHARLES (1525-1574)

CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")

CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)

CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)

CHARLES ALBERT [CARLO ALBERTO] (1798-1849)

CHARLES AUGUSTUS [KARL AUGUST] (1757-1828)

CHARLES BEECHER (1815-1900)

CHARLES DE LAET WALDO SIBTHORP (1783-1855)

CHARLES EMMANUEL I

CHARLES ESTIENNE (1504 Or 1505-1564)