See also:

• CEVENNES (Lat. Cebenna or Gebenna)

CEVENNES (See also:

• LAT

Lat. Cebenna or Gebenna)  , a See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain range of See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, forming the southern and eastern fringe of the central See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau and See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• WATERSHED

watershed between the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic and Mediterranean basins . It consists of a narrow See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge some 320 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, with numerous lofty plateaus and secondary ranges branching from it . The See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the range, which nowhere exceeds 3320 ft. in height, extends, under the name of the mountains of Charolais, Beaujolais and Lyonnais, from the See also:

• COL
• COL (Fr. for " neck," Lat. collum)

Col de Longpendu (See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of Chalon-sur-See also:

• SAONE

Saone) in a southerly direction to the Col de Gier . The central See also:

• CEVENNES (Lat. Cebenna or Gebenna)

Cevennes, comprising the volcanic See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain of Vivarais, incline See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east and extend as far as the See also:

• LOZERE

Lozere See also:

• GROUP

group . The northern portion of this chain forms the Boutieres range . Farther south it includes the Gerbier See also:

• DES

des Joncs (5089 ft.), the Mont de Mezenc (5755 ft.), the culminating point of the entire range, and the Tanargue group . South of the Mont Lozere, where the Pic Finiels reaches 5584 ft., lies that portion of the rangeto which the name Cevennes is most strictly applied . This region, now embraced in the departments of Lozere and See also:

• GARD

Gard, stretches south to include the Aigoual and Esperou See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups . Under various See also:

• LOCAL

local names (the Garrigues, the mountains of Espinouse and Lacaune) and with numerous offshoots the range extends south-east and then east to the Montague Noire, which runs parallel to the See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal du Midi and comes to an end some 25 M. east of See also:

• TOULOUSE
• TOULOUSE, LOUIS ALEXANDRE DE BOURBON, COUNT OF (1678-1737)

Toulouse . In the south the Cevennes See also:

• SEPARATE

separate the See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold and barren tablelands known as the See also:

• CAUSSES (from Lat. calx through local Fr. caous, meaning " lime ")

Causses from the sunny region of See also:

• LANGUEDOC

Languedoc, where the See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive, See also:

• VINE

vine and mulberry flourish . Northwards the contrast between the two slopes is less striking . The Cevennes proper are formed by a folded See also:

• BELT (a word common to Teutonic languages, the Old Ger. form being bale, from which the Lat. balteus probably derived)
• BELT, THOMAS (1832-1878)

belt of Palaeozoic rocks which lies along the south-east border of the central plateau of France .

Concealed in part by later deposits, this See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient mountain chain extends from See also:

• CASTELNAUDARY

Castelnaudary to the neighbourhood of See also:

• VALENCE

Valence, where it sinks suddenly beneath the See also:

• TERTIARY

Tertiary and See also:

• RECENT

recent deposits of the valley of the See also:

• RHONE
• RHONE (Fr. Rhone, Lat. Rhodanus)

Rhone . It is in the Montagne Noire rather than in the Cevennes proper that the structure of the chain has been most fully investigated . All the See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

geological systems from the See also:

• CAMBRIAN

Cambrian to the Carboniferous are included in the folded belt, and J . Bergeron has shown that the See also:

• GNEISS

gneiss and schist which See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form so much of the chain consist, in part at least, of metamorphosed Cambrian beds . The direction of the folds is about N . 6o° E., and the structure is complicated by overthrusting on an extensive See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale . The overthrust came from the south-east, and the Palaeozoic beds were crushed and crumpled against the ancient See also:

• MASSIF

massif of the central plateau . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal folding took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place at the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the Carboniferous See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, and was contemporaneous with that of the old Hercynian chain of See also:

• BELGIUM
• BELGIUM (Fr. Belgique; Flem. Belgic)

Belgium, &c . The See also:

• PERMIAN

Permian and later beds See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie unconformably upon the denuded folds, and in the space between the Montagne Noire and the Cevennes proper the folded belt is buried beneath the See also:

• HORIZONTAL

horizontal See also:

• JURASSIC

Jurassic strata of the Causses . Although the chain was completed in Palaeozoic times, a second folding took place along its south-east margin at the close of the See also:

• EOCENE (Gr. *In, dawn, icauvos, recent)

Eocene period . The Secondary and Tertiary beds of the Languedoc were crushed against the central plateau and were frequently overfolded . But by this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the ancient Palaeozoic chain had become a part of the unyielding massif, and the folding did not extend beyond its See also:

• FOOT

foot .

As the division between the basins of the See also:

• LOIRE

Loire and the See also:

• GARONNE (Lat. Garumna)

Garonne to the west and those of the Saone and Rhone to the east, the Cevennes send many afliuents to those See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers . In the south the See also:

• ORB

Orb, the See also:

• HERAULT

Herault and the Vidourle are See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent rivers flowing to the Golfe du See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion; farther See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north, the Gard—formed by the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union of several streams named Gardon—the Ceze and the See also:

• ARDECHE

Ardeche flow to the Rhone . The Vivarais mountains and the northern Cevennes approach the right See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the Rhone and Saone closely, and on that See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side send their See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters by way of See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short torrents to those rivers; on the west side the streams are tributaries of the Loire, which rises at the foot of Mont Mezenc . A short distance to the south on the same side are the See also:

• SOURCES

sources of the See also:

• ALLIER
• ALLIER (anc. Slaver)

Allier and See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

Lot . The waters of the north-western slope of the southern Cevennes drain into the See also:

• TARN
• TARN (O. Eng. tame, Scand. tjarn, tjdrn, horn, &c.)

Tarn either directly or by way of the See also:

• AVEYRON

Aveyron, which rises in the outlying chain of the Levezou, and, in the extreme south, the Agout . The Tarn itself rises on the southern slope of the Mont Lozere . In the Lozere group and the southern Cevennes generally, See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good pasturage is found, and huge flocks spend the summer there . Silkworm-rearing and the cultivation of peaches, See also:

• CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest-nuts and other fruits are also carried on . In the Vivarais See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle are reared, while on the slopes of the Beaujolais excellent wines are grown . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical event in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the Cevennes is the revolt of the See also:

• CAMISARDS (from camisade, obsolete Fr. for " a night attack," from the Ital. camiciata, formed from camicia—Fr. chemise—a shirt, from the fact of a shirt being worn over the armour in order to distinguish friends from foes)

Camisards in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early years of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century (see CAMISARDS) .