See also:

• CHAERONEIA, or CHAERONEA

CHAERONEIA, or CHAERONEA  , an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• BOEOTIA

Boeotia, said by some to be the Homeric See also:

• ARNE, THOMAS AUGUSTINE (1710-1778)

Arne, situated about 7 M . W. of See also:

• ORCHOMENUS (local form on coins and inscriptions, Erchomenos)

Orchomenus . Until the 4th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C. it was a dependency of Orchomenus, and at all times it played but a subordinate See also:

• PART

part in Boeotian politics . Its importance See also:

• LAY

lay in its strategic position near the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• DEFILE

defile which presents the last serious obstacle to an invader in central See also:

• GREECE

Greece . Two See also:

• GREAT

great battles were fought on this site in antiquity . Ir 338 B.C . See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II. and See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander of Macedon were confronted by a confederate See also:

• HOST

host from central Greece and Peloponnese under the leadership of See also:

• THEBES (anciently &Oat, Thebae, or in poetry sometimes Oif3a, in modern Greek Phiva, or, according to the corrected pronunciation, Thivae)
• THEBES (e 3a1)
• THEBES, ROMANCE OF

Thebes and See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens, which here made the last stand on behalf of See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty . A hard-fought conflict, in which the Greek See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry displayed admirable firmness, was decided in favour of Philip through the See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior organization of his See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . In 86 B.c. the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general L . See also:

• CORNELIUS
• CORNELIUS, CARL AUGUST PETER (1824-1874)
• CORNELIUS, PETER VON (1784–1867)

Cornelius See also:

• SULLA, LUCIUS CORNELIUS (138–78 B.C.)

Sulla defeated the army of See also:

• MITHRADATES

Mithradates VI., See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• PONTUS

Pontus, near See also:

• CHAERONEIA, or CHAERONEA

Chaeroneia . The latter's enormous numerical superiority was neutralized by Sulla's judicious choice of ground and the steadiness of his legionaries; the Asiatics after the failure of their attack were worn down and almost annihilated . Chaeroneia is also notable as the See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

• PLUTARCH
• PLUTARCH (Gr. llXoi rapxos) (c. A.D. 46–120)

Plutarch, who returned to his native town in old See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, and was held in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour by its citizens for many successive generations .

See also:

• PAUSANIAS

Pausanias (ix . 40) mentions the divine honours accorded at Chaeroneia to the See also:

• SCEPTRE

sceptre of See also:

• AGAMEMNON

Agamemnon, the See also:

• WORK

work of See also:

• HEPHAESTUS

Hephaestus (cf . Iliad, ii . 'or) . The site of the town is partly occupied by the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Kapraena; the ancient citadel was known as the Petrachus, and there is a See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre cut in the See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock . A See also:

• COLOSSAL

colossal seated See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

lion a little to the S.E. of the site marks the See also:

• GRAVE

grave of the Boeotians who See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell fighting against Philip; this lion was found broken to pieces; the tradition that it was blown up by See also:

• ODYSSEUS (in Latin Ulixes, incorrectly written Ulysses)

Odysseus Androutsos is incorrect (see See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

Murray, Handbook for Greece, ed . 5, 1884, p . 409) . It has now been restored and re-erected (190.5) . AuTHoxrTIEs.—See also:

• THUCYDIDES (OovavMns)

Thucydides iv . 76; Diodorus xvi . 85-86; Plutarch, Alexander, ch .

9; Sulla, chs . 16-19; See also:

• APPIAN (Gr. 'Aairtavbs)

Appian, Mithradatica, chs . 42-45; W . M . See also:

• LEAKE, WILLIAM MARTIN (1777-186o)

Leake, Travels in See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern Greece (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1835), ii . 112-117, 192-201; B . V . Head, Historia Numorum (See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, 1887), p . 292; J . Kromayer, Antike Schlachtf See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder in Griechenland (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1903), pp . 127-195; G . Sotiriades in Athen .

Milteil . 1903, pp . 301 ff.; 1905, p . 120; 1906, p . 396; 'Ec/%µ . 'ApxatoX., 1908, p . 65 .