CHALCEDON  , more correctly CALCIIEDON (mod . Kadikeui), an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient maritime See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• BITHYNIA (BtOvpta)

Bithynia, in See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor, almost directly opposite See also:

• BYZANTIUM

Byzantium, See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of See also:

• SCUTARI (anc. Scodra, Slay. Skadar, Albanian Shkoder, or with the definite article Shkedr-a)
• SCUTARI (Turkish, Uskudar, anc. Chrysopolis)

Scutari . It was a Megarian See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony founded on a site so obviously inferior to that which was within view on the opposite See also:

• SHORE

shore, that it received from the See also:

• ORACLE (Lat. oraculum, from ora' to pray; the corresponding Greek word is uavreiov or Xpnuri7pwov)

oracle the name of " the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City of the See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

Blind." In its See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• HISTORY

history it shared the fortunes of Byzantium, was taken by the See also:

• SATRAP [Pers. Khshatrapavan, i.e." protector (superintendent) of the country (or district)," Heb. sakhshadrapan, Gr. taerpan-ris (insc. of Miletus, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ak. 1900, 112), E% u3pa7eixav (insc. of Mylasa, Dittenberger, Sylloge, 95), ital. p6. rr

satrap Otanes, vacillated See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long between the Lacedaemonian and the Athenian interests, and was at last bequeathed to the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans by Attalus III. of See also:

• PERGAMUM, or PERGAMTS (mod. Bergama)

Pergamum (133 B.C.) . It was partly destroyed by See also:

• MITHRADATES

Mithradates, but recovered during the See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire, and in A.D . 451 was the seat of the See also:

• FOURTH

Fourth See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council . It See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell under the repeated attacks of the See also:

• BARBARIAN (Gr. fap/3apos)

barbarian hordes who crossed over after having ravaged Byzantium, and furnished an encampment to the Persians under See also:

• CHOSROES

Chosroes, c . 616-626 . The See also:

• TURKS

Turks used it as a See also:

• QUARRY

quarry for See also:

• BUILDING

building materials for See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople . The site is now occupied by the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Kadikeui (" Village of the See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

Judge "), which forms the tenth " cercle " of the See also:

• MUNICIPALITY

municipality of Constantinople . Pop. about 33,000, of whom 8000 are Moslems . There is a large See also:

• BRITISH

British colony with a See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, and ' also See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek and Armenian churches and See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, and a training See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college for See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic Armenians . To the S. are the ruins of Panteichion (mod .

Pendik), where See also:

• BELISARIUS (c. 505–565)

Belisarius is said to have lived in retirement . See J. von See also:

• HAMMER, FRIEDRICH JULIUS (1810-1862)

Hammer, Constantinopolis (Pesth, 1822) ; See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

Murray's Handbook for Constantinople (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1900) .