CHALCONDYLES I (or CHALCOCONDYLAS), LAONICUS  , the only Athenian See also:

• BYZANTINE

Byzantine writer . Hardly anything is known of his See also:

• LIFE

life . He wrote a See also:

• HISTORY

history, in ten books, of the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period from 1298–1463, describing the fall of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• EMPIRE

empire and the rise of the See also:

• OTTOMAN

Ottoman See also:

• TURKS

Turks, which forms the centre of the narrative, down to the See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of the Venetians and Mathias, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary, by Mahommed II . The See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople he rightly regarded as an See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical event of far-reaching importance, although the comparison of it to the fall of See also:

• TROY
• TROY, JEAN FRANCOIS DE (1679–1752)

Troy is hardly appropriate . The See also:

• WORK

work incidentally gives a See also:

• QUAINT (O. Fr. cointe, from Lat. cognitus, known, probably influenced by association with Lat. corn plus, neat)

quaint and interesting See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch of the See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners and See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, whose assistance the Greeks sought to obtain against the Turks . Like that of other Byzantine writers, Chalcondyles' See also:

• CHRONOLOGY (Gr. xpovo?oyfa, computation of time, xp6vos)

chronology is defective, and his adherence to the old Greek See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical nomenclature is a source of confusion . For his See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of earlier events he was able to obtain See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information from his See also:

• FATHER

father, who was one of the most prominent 1 A shortened See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of Chalcocondyles, from XaX+cbs, See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper, and KiAvXos, See also:

• KNUCKLE (apparently the diminutive of a word for " bone," found in Ger. Knochen)

knuckle.men in See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens during the struggles between the Greek and Frankish nobles . His See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model is See also:

• THUCYDIDES (OovavMns)

Thucydides (according to See also:

• BEKKER (or WOLFF), ELIZABETH (1738–1804)
• BEKKER, AUGUST IMMANUEL (1785–1871)
• BEKKER, BALTHASAR (1634–1698)

Bekker, See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus); his See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language is tolerably pure and correct, his See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style See also:

• SIMPLE

simple and clear . The See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text, however, is in a very corrupt See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . Editio princeps, ed . J . B .

See also:

• BAUMBACH, RUDOLF (1840-1905)

Baumbach (1615) ; in See also:

• BONN

Bonn Corpus Scriptorum Hist . Byz. ed . I . Bekker (1843) ; See also:

• MIGNE, JACQUES PAUL (1800-1875)

Migne, Patrologia Graeca, clix . There is a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation by Blaise de Vigenere (1577, later. ed. by Artus See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas with valuable illustrations on See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish matters) ; see also F . See also:

• GREGOROVIUS, FERDINAND (1821-1891)

Gregorovius, Geschichte der Stadt Athen See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im Mittelalter, ii . (1889); See also:

• GIBBON
• GIBBON, EDWARD (1737–1794)

Gibbon, Decline and Fall, ch . 66; C . See also:

• KRUMBACHER, CARL (1856–1909)

Krumbacher, Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur (1897) . There is a See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical sketch of Laonicus and his See also:

• BROTHER

brother in Greek by Antomus Calosynas, a physician of See also:

• TOLEDO
• TOLEDO, COUNCILS OF (Concilia toletana)

Toledo, who lived in the latter See also:

• PART

part of the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century (see C . Hopf, Chroniques See also:

• GRECO, EL

greco-See also:

• ROMANES, GEORGE JOHN (1848-1894)

romanes, 1873) . His brother, See also:

• DEMETRIUS

DEMETRIUS CHALCONDYLES (1424-1511), was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in Athens .

In 1447 he migrated to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, where See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• BESSARION, JOHANNES

Bessarion gave him his patronage . He became famous as a teacher of Greek letters and the Platonic See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy; in 1463 he was made See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor at See also:

• PADUA (Lat. Patavium ; Ital. Padova)

Padua, and in 1479 he was summoned by Lorenzo de' See also:

• MEDICI
• MEDICI, GIACOMO (1817-1882)

Medici to See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence to fill the professorship vacated by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Argyropoulos . In 1492 he removed to See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan, where he died in 1511 . He was associated with Marsilius Ficinus, See also:

• ANGELUS

Angelus Politianus, and See also:

• THEODORUS, FLAVIUS MALLIUS

Theodorus See also:

• GAZA (or `AllAH, mod. Ghuzzeh)
• GAZA, THEODORUS (c. 1400-1475)

Gaza, in the revival of letters in the western See also:

• WORLD

world . One of his pupils at Florence was the famous John See also:

• REUCHLIN, JOHANN (1455–1522)

Reuchlin . Demetrius Chalcondyles published the editio princeps of See also:

• HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer, Isocrates, and Suidas, and a Greek See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar (Erotemata) in the form of question and See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer . See H . See also:

• HODY, HUMPHREY (1659-1707)

Hody, De Graecis illustribus (1742); C . Hopf, Chroniques greco-romanes (1873); E . Legrand, Bibliographie hellenique, i . (1885) .