See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• SIR WILLIAM CHAMBERS (1726-1796)

CHAMBERS (1726-1796)  , See also:

• BRITISH

British architect, was the See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant who had financed the armies of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles XII., but was paid in See also:

• BASE

base See also:

• MONEY

money, and whose son remained in See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden many years endeavouring to obtain 'A new and enlarged edition of this See also:

• WORK

work, edited by See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David See also:

• PATRICK, SIMON (1626–1707)
• PATRICK, ST

Patrick, LL . D., appeared in 1903.redress . In 1728 the latter returned to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and settled at See also:

• RIPON
• RIPON, GEORGE FREDERICK SAMUEL ROBINSON, 1ST MARQUESS OF (1827-1909)

Ripon, where See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William, who was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• STOCKHOLM

Stockholm, was educated . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of sixteen he became See also:

• SUPERCARGO

supercargo to the See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India See also:

• COMPANY

Company, and voyaging to See also:

• CANTON
• CANTON (borrowed from the Ital. cantone, a corner or angle)
• CANTON (more correctly KWANG-CHOW Fu)
• CANTON, JOHN (1718-1772)

Canton made drawings of See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture, See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture and See also:

• COSTUME
• COSTUME (through the Fr. costume, from Ital. costume, Late Lat. costuma, a contracted form of Lat. consuetudinem, ace. of consuetudo, custom, habit, manner, &c.)

costume which served as basis for his Designs for Chinese Buildings, &c . (1757) . Two years later he quitted the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea to study architecture seriously, and spent a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, devoting See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to the buildings of classical and See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance architects . He also studied under Clerisseau in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, with whom and with the sculptor See also:

• WILTON

Wilton he lived at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . In 1755 he returned to England with See also:

• CIPRIANI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA (1727-1785)

Cipriani and Wilton, and married the beautiful daughter of the latter . His first important See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission was a See also:

• VILLA

villa for See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• BESSBOROUGH, EARLS OF

Bessborough at Roehampton, but he made his reputation by the grounds he laid out and the buildings he erected at See also:

• KEW

Kew between 1757 and 1762 for See also:

• AUGUSTA

Augusta, princess See also:

• DOWAGER (from the Old Fr. douagiere, mod. douairiere)

dowager of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales . Some of them have since been demolished, but the most important, the See also:

• PAGODA (Port. pagode, a word introduced in the 16th century by the early Portuguese adventurers in India, reproducing phonetically some native word, possibly Pers. but-kadah, a house for an idol, or some form of Sansk. bhagavat, divine, holy)

pagoda, still survives . The publication in a handsome See also:

• VOLUME

volume of the designs for these buildings assured his position in the profession . He was employed to See also:

• TEACH [THATCH OR THACH], EDWARD (d. 1718)

teach architectural See also:

• DRAWING

drawing to the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of Wales (See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George III.), and gained further professional distinction in 1759 by the publication of his See also:

• TREATISE

Treatise of See also:

• CIVIL

Civil Architecture .

He began to exhibit with the Society of Artists in 1761 at See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

Spring Gardens, and was one of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original members and treasurer of the Royal See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy when it was established in 1768 . In 1772 he published his Dissertation on See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental Gardening, which attempted to prove the inferiority of See also:

• EUROPEAN

European to Chinese landscape gardening . As a furniture designer and See also:

• INTERNAL

internal decorator he is credited with the creation of that " Chinese See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

Style " which was for a time furiously popular, although See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• CHIPPENDALE, THOMAS (d. 1979)

Chippendale (q.v.) had published designs in that manner at a somewhat earlier date . It is not unreasonable to See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count the honours as divided, since Chippendale unquestionably adapted and altered the Chinese shapes in a manner better to See also:

• FIT

fit them for European use . To the rage for every possible See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of chinoiserie, for which he is chiefly responsible, See also:

• SIR

Sir William See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

Chambers owed much of his success in See also:

• LIFE

life . He became architect to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king and See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen, See also:

• COMPTROLLER

comptroller of his See also:

• MAJESTY (Fr. majeste; Lat. majestas, grandeur, greatness, from the base mag-, as in magnus, great, major, greater, &c.)

majesty's See also:

• WORKS

works, and afterwards surveyor-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general . In 1775 he was appointed architect of See also:

• SOMERSET, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SOMERSET, EDMUND BEAUFORT, DUKE OF (c. 1404–1455)
• SOMERSET, EDWARD SEYMOUR, DUKE OF (c. 1506–1552)
• SOMERSET, LORD ROBERT EDWARD HENRY (1776-1842)
• SOMERSET, ROBERT CARR (or KER), EARL OF (e. 1590-1645)

Somerset See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House, his greatest See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument, at a See also:

• SALARY

salary of £2000 a See also:

• YEAR

year . He also designed See also:

• TOWN

town mansions for See also:

• EARL

Earl See also:

• GOWER
• GOWER, JOHN (d. 1408)

Gower at See also:

• WHITEHALL

Whitehall and Lord See also:

• MELBOURNE
• MELBOURNE, WILLIAM LAMB, 2ND VISCOUNT (1779-1848)

Melbourne in Piccadilly, built See also:

• CHARLEMONT, JAMES CAULFEILD, 1ST EARL

Charlemont House, See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin, and Duddingston House near See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh . He designed the See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market house at See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester, was employed by the earl of See also:

• PEMBROKE
• PEMBROKE (Penfro)
• PEMBROKE, EARLS OF

Pembroke at Wilton, by the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• MARLBOROUGH
• MARLBOROUGH, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• MARLBOROUGH, JOHN CHURCHILL, 1ST DUKE OF (1650-1722)

Marlborough at See also:

• BLENHEIM (Ger. Blindheim)

Blenheim, and by the duke of See also:

• BEDFORD

Bedford in Bloomsbury . The See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state See also:

• COACH (through the Fr. coche, originally from the Magyar kocsi, an adjective from the Hungarian place named Kocs, between Raab and Buda, i.e. the sort of vehicle used there in the 15th century)

coach of George III., his See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant See also:

• PATRON

patron, was his work; it is now in the See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria and See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert Museum . Although his practice was mainly Classic, he made See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic additions to See also:

• MILTON
• MILTON, JOHN (1608–1674)

Milton See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey in See also:

• DORSET, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Dorset . Sir William Chambers achieved considerable distinction as a designer of furniture .

In addition to his work in the Chinese style and in the contemporary fashions, he was the author. of what is probably the most ambitious and monumental piece of furniture ever produced in England . This was a combined See also:

• BUREAU (a Fr. word from burel or bureau, a coarse cloth used for coverings)

bureau, dressing-See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case, See also:

• JEWEL, JOHN (1522-1571)

jewel-See also:

• CABINET

cabinet and See also:

• ORGAN

organ, made for Charles IV., king of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, in 1793 . These See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination pieces were in the See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste of the time, and the effort displays astonishing ingenuity and resource . The panels were painted by W . See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton, R.A., with representations of the four seasons, See also:

• NIGHT

night and See also:

• MORNING

morning, See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire and See also:

• WATER

water, See also:

• JUNO

Juno and See also:

• CERES

Ceres, together with representations of the See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden Fleece and the Immaculate Conception . The organ, in the domed See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top, is in a case decorated with See also:

• ORMOLU (Fr. or moulu, gold ground or pounded)

ormolu and See also:

• WEDGWOOD, JOSIAH (1730-1795)

Wedgwood . This remarkable achievement, which possesses much sober elegance, formed See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• LOAN (adapted from the Scandinavian form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Swed. Mn, Icel. lan, Dut. leen; the O.E. laen appears in " lend," the ultimate source is seen in the root of Gr. Xeiaecv and Lat. linquere, to leave)

loan collection of See also:

• ENGLISH

English furniture at the Franco-British See also:

• EXHIBITION

Exhibition in See also:

• LONDON

London in 1908 . Sir William Chambers numbered among his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends Dr See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson, See also:

• GOLDSMITH
• GOLDSMITH, LEWIS (c. 1763–1846)
• GOLDSMITH, OLIVER (1728–1774)

Goldsmith; Sir See also:

• JOSHUA, BOOK OF

Joshua See also:

• REYNOLDS, JOHN FULTON (182o-1863)
• REYNOLDS, SIR JOSHUA (1723-1792)
• REYNOLDS, WALTER (d. 1327)

Reynolds, David See also:

• GARRICK, DAVID (1717-1779)

Garrick and Dr See also:

• BURNEY, CHARLES (1726-1814)

Burney .