ADELBERT VON [See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES See also:

• ADELAIDE
• ADELAIDE (Ger. Adelheid) (931-999)

ADELAIDE DE] See also:

• ADELBERT VON [Louis CHARLES ADELAIDE DE] CHAMISSO (1781–1838)

CHAMISSO (1781–1838)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German poet and botanist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at the See also:

• CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

chateau of Boncourt in See also:

• CHAMPAGNE

Champagne, See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, the ancestral seat of his See also:

• FAMILY

family, on the 3oth of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1781 . Driven from France by the Revolution, his parents settled in See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, where in 1796 youpg See also:

• CHAMISSO, ADELBERT VON [Louis CHARLES ADELAIDE DE] (1781–1838)

Chamisso obtained the See also:

• POST

post of See also:

• PAGE
• PAGE, THOMAS NELSON (1853- )
• PAGE, WILLIAM (1811-1885)

page-in-waiting to the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen, and in 1798 entered a Prussian See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment as See also:

• ENSIGN (through the Fr. enseigne from the Latin plural insignia)

ensign . His family were shortly afterwards permitted to return to France; he, however, remained behind and continued his career in the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . He had but little See also:

• EDUCATION

education, but now sought See also:

• DISTRACTION (from Lat. distrakere, to pull asunder)

distraction from the soulless routine of the Prussian military service in assiduous study . In` collaboration with Varnhagen von Ense, he founded in 1803 the Berliner Musenalmanach, in which his first verses appeared . The enterprise was a failure, and, interrupted by the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, it came to an end in 1806 . It brought him, however, to the See also:

• NOTICE

notice of many of the See also:

• LITERARY

literary celebrities of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day and established his reputation as a rising poet . He had become See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant in 18or, and in 1805 accompanied his regiment to See also:

• HAMELN

Hameln, where he shared in the humiliations following the treasonable See also:

• CAPITULATION (Lat. capitulum, a little head or division; capitulare, to treat upon terms)

capitulation of that fortress in the ensuing See also:

• YEAR

year . Placed on See also:

• PAROLE (shortened from the Fr. parole d'honneur, word of honour)

parole he went to France, where he found that both his parents were dead; and, returning to Berlin in the autumn of 1807, he obtained his See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release from the service See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the following year . Homeless and without a profession, disillusioned and despondent, he lived in Berlin until 18ro, when, through the services of an old friend of the family, he was offered a professorship at the lycee at Napoleonville in La See also:

• VENDEE
• VENDEE, WARS OF THE

Vendee . He set out to take up the post, but See also:

• DRAWN

drawn into the charmed circle of Madame de See also:

• STAEL, MADAME DE

Stael, followed her in her See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile to Coppet in See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland, where, devoting himself to botanical See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research, he remained nearly two years . In 1812 he returned to Berlin, where he continued his scientific studies .

In the summer of the eventful year, 1813, he wrote the See also:

• PROSE

prose narrative See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter Schlemihl, the See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man who sold his See also:

• SHADOW (0. Eng. Schadewe, sceadu; a form of " shade "; connected with Gr. 6-Ore's, darkness)

shadow . This, the most famous of all his See also:

• WORKS

works, has been translated into most See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages (See also:

• ENGLISH

English by W . Howitt) . It was written partly to divert his own thoughts and partly to amuse the See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children of his friend See also:

• HITZIG, FERDINAND (1807-1875)

Hitzig . In 1815 Chamisso was appointed botanist to the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• SHIP

ship " Rurik," which See also:

• OTTO

Otto von See also:

• KOTZEBUE, AUGUST FRIEDRICH FERDINAND VON (1761–1819)
• KOTZEBUE, OTTO VON (1787–1846)

Kotzebue (son of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August von Kotzebue) commanded on a scientific voyage See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• WORLD

world . His See also:

• DIARY

diary of the expedition (Tagebuch, 1821) affords some interesting glimpses of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and English See also:

• LIFE

life . On his return in 1818 he was made custodian of the botanical gardens in Berlin, and. was elected a member of the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of Sciences, and in 1820 he married . Chamisso's travels and scientific researches re-strained for a while the full development of his poetical See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent, and it was not until his See also:

• FORTY

forty-eighth year that he turned again to literature . In 1829, in collaboration with Gustav Schwab, and from 1832 in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with See also:

• FRANZ, ROBERT (1815-1892)

Franz von See also:

• GAUDY

Gaudy, he brought out the Deutsche Musenalmanach, in which his later poems were mainly published . He died on the 21st of August 1838 . As a scientist Chamisso has not See also:

• LEFT

left much See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark, although his Bemerkungen and Ansichten, published in an incomplete See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form in O. von Kotzebue's Entdeckungsreise (See also:

• WEIMAR

Weimar, 1821) and more completely in Chamisso's Gesammelte Werke (1836), and the botanical See also:

• WORK

work, Ubersicht der nutzbarsten and schiidlichsten Gewdchse in Norddeutschland (1829) are esteemed for their careful treatment of the subjects with which they See also:

• DEAL

deal . As a poet Chamisso's reputation stands high, Frauen Liebe and Leben (1830), a See also:

• CYCLE
• CYCLE (Gr. KUK)^os, a circle)

cycle of lyrical poems, which was set to See also:

• MUSIC

music by See also:

• SCHUMANN, ROBERT ALEXANDER (1810-1856)

Schumann, being particularly famous .

Noteworthy are also Schloss Boncourt and See also:

• SALAS, or SAN MARTIN DE SALAS

Salas y See also:

• GOMEZ, DIOGO (DIEGO) (ff. 1440-1482)

Gomez . In estimating his success as a writer, it should not be forgotten that he was cut off from his native speech and from his natural current of thought and feeling . He often deals with gloomy and some-times with ghastly and repulsive subjects; and even in his lighter and gayer proudctions there is an undertone of sadness or of See also:

• SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

satire . In the lyrical expression of the domestic emotions he displays a See also:

• FINE

fine felicity, and he knew how to treat with true feeling a See also:

• TALE (O.Eng. talu, number, account, story; the word is common to many Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Zahl, number, Erzahlung, narrative, Du. taal, speech, language)

tale of love or vengeance . See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Lowenbraut may be taken as a See also:

• SAMPLE (through the O. Fr. essemple, from Lat. exemplum; a doublet of " example ")

sample of his weird and powerful simplicity; and Vergeltung is remarkable for a pitiless precision of treatment . The first collected edition of Chamisso's works-was edited by J . E . Hitzig, 6 vols . (1836); 6th edition (1894); there are also excellent See also:

• EDITIONS

editions by M . See also:

• KOCH
• KOCH, ROBERT (1843–1910)

Koch (1883) and O . F . Walzel (1892) .

On Chamisso's life see J . E . Hitzig, " Leben and Briefe von Adelbert von Chamisso (in the Gesammelte Werke) ; K . See also:

• FULDA

Fulda, Chamisso and See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

seine Zeit (1881) ; G . See also:

• HOFMEISTER, WILHELM FRIEDRICH BENEDICT (1824-1877)

Hofmeister, Adelbert von Chamisso (1884); and, for the scientific See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Chamisso's life, E. du Bois-See also:

• RAYMOND, HENRY JARVIS (1820-1869)

Raymond, Adelbert von Chamisso als Naturforscher (1889) .