CHAMP4  ,GNY, See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• BAPTISTE

BAPTISTE NOMPERE DE (1756-1834), See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French politician, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• ROANNE

Roanne, and entered the See also:

• NAVY

navy in 1774 . He fought through the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war in See also:

• AMERICA

America and resigned in 1787 . Elected See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy by the noblesse of Forex to the states-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general in 1789, he went over to the third See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate on the 21st of See also:

• JUNE

June and collaborated in the See also:

• WORK

work of the Constituent See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly, especially occupying himself with the reorganization of the navy . A See also:

• POLITICAL

political career seems to have attracted him little; he remained in private See also:

• LIFE

life from 1791 to 1799, when See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon named him member of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . From See also:

• JULY

July 18o1 to See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1804 he was See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France at See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, and directed with See also:

• GREAT

great intelligence the incessant negotiations between the two courts . In August 1804 Napoleon made him See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the interior, and in this position, which he held for three years, he proved an See also:

• ADMINISTRATOR

administrator of the first See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . In addition to the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary charges of his See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, he had to See also:

• DIRECT

direct the recruitment of the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, organize the See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial See also:

• EXHIBITION

exhibition of 18o8, and to See also:

• COMPLETE

complete the public See also:

• WORKS

works undertaken in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris and throughout France . He was devoted to Napoleon, on whom he lavished adulation in his speeches . In August 1807 the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose him to succeed Talleyrand as minister for See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign affairs . He directed the See also:

• ANNEXATION (Lat. ad, to, and nexus, joining)

annexation of the Papal States in See also:

• APRIL

April 18o8, worked to secure the See also:

• ABDICATION (Lat. abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one)

abdication of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles IV. of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain in May 18o8, negotiated the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of Vienna (1809) and the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of Napoleon . In April 1811 a See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel with the emperor led to his retirement, and he obtained the See also:

• SINECURE (Lat. sine cura, without care)

sinecure office of See also:

• INTENDANT (from Lat. intendens, pres. part. of intendere, to apply the mind to, to watch over; cf. " superintendent ")

intendant general of the See also:

• CROWN

crown . In 1814, after the abdication, the empress sent him on a fruitless See also:

• MISSION

mission to the emperor of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria .

Then he went over to the Bourbons . During the See also:

• HUNDRED

Hundred Days he again joined Napoleon . This led to his exclusion by See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XVIII., but in 1819 he re-covered his dignity of peer . He died in Paris in 1834 . He had three sons who became men of distinction . See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois (1804-1882) was a well-known author, who was made a member of the French See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy in 1869 . His great work was a See also:

• HISTORY

history of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, in three parts, (r) See also:

• LES

Les Cesars (1841-1843, 4 vols.), (2) Les Antonins (1863, 3 vols.), (3) Les Cesars du III' siecle (1870, 3 vols.) . Napoleon (1806-1872) published a Traite de la See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police municipale in 4 volumes (1844-1861), and was a deputy in the See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

Corps Legislatif from 1852 to 1870 . See also:

• JEROME, JEROME KLAPKA (1859– )
• JEROME, ST (HIERONYMUS, in full EUSEBIUS SOPHRONIUS HIERONYMUS) (c. 340–420)

Jerome See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul (1809-1886) was also deputy in the Corps Legislatif from 1853 to 1870, and was made honorary See also:

• CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
• CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)

chamberlain in 1859 . He worked at the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official publication of the See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence of Napoleon I .