See also:

• SAMUEL

SAMUEL DE See also:

• CHAMPLAIN
• SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN (1567-1635)

CHAMPLAIN (1567-1635)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French explorer, colonial See also:

• PIONEER

pioneer and first See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of French See also:

• CANADA

Canada, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Brouage, a small French See also:

• PORT

port on the See also:

• BAY

Bay of See also:

• BISCAY (Vizcaya)
• BISCAY, BAY OF (Fr. Golfe de Gascogne; Sp. Golfo de Vizcaya)

Biscay, in 1567 . His See also:

• FATHER

father was a See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain, and the boy was See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early skilled in See also:

• SEAMANSHIP

seamanship and See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation . He entered the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV., and served in See also:

• BRITTANY

Brittany under See also:

• JEAN

Jean d'See also:

• AUMONT

Aumont, See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois de St Luc and See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles de See also:

• BRISSAC, DUKES OF

Brissac . When the army of the See also:

• LEAGUE

League was disbanded he accompanied his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, who had See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the See also:

• SHIPS

ships in which the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies were conveyed See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home, and on reaching See also:

• CADIZ
• CADIZ (Cadiz)
• CADIZ (in Lat. Gades, and formerly called Cales by the English)

Cadiz secured (1599) the command of one of the vessels about to make an expedition to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Indies . He was gone over two years, visiting all the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal ports and pushing inland from See also:

• VERA, AUGUSTO (1813-1885)

Vera Cruz to the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico . The MS. See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his adventures, Bref Discours See also:

• DES

des Choses plus remarquables que See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

• CHAMPLAIN
• CHAMPLAIN, SAMUEL DE (1567-1635)

Champlain de Brouage a recognues aux Indes Occidentales, is in the library at See also:

• DIEPPE

Dieppe . It was not published in French until 1870, although an See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation was printed by the See also:

• HAKLUYT, RICHARD (c. 1553—1616)

Hakluyt Society in 1859 . It contains a See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion of a See also:

• PANAMA

Panama See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal, " by which the voyage to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Sea would be shortened by more than 1500 leagues." In 1603 Champlain made his first voyage to Canada, being sent out by Aymar de Clermont, seigneur de Chastes, on whom the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king had bestowed a patent . Champlain at once established friendly relations with the See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians and explored the St See also:

• LAWRENCE
• LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
• LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
• LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
• LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
• LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
• LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
• LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
• LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)

Lawrence to the rapids above See also:

• MONTREAL

Montreal . On his return he published an interesting and historically valuable little See also:

• BOOK

book, Des sauvages, ou voyage de Samuel Champlain de Brouage fait en la See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France Nouvelle . During his See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence de Chastes had died, and his privileges and See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade monopolies were conferred upon See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre de Guast, sieur de Monts (156o-1611) . With him, in 1604, Champlain was engaged in exploring the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast as far south as Cape See also:

• COD

Cod, in seeking a site for a new See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement, and in making surveys and charts .

They first settled on an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island near the mouth of the St Croix See also:

• RIVER

river, and then at Port Royal—now See also:

• ANNAPOLIS

Annapolis, N.S . Meanwhile the See also:

• BASQUES

Basques and Bretons, asserting that they were being ruined by de Monts' privileges, got his patent revoked, and Champlain returned with the discouraged colonists to See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . When, however, in modified See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, the patent was re-granted to his See also:

• PATRON

patron Champlain induced him to abandon Acadia and establish a settlement on the St Lawrence, of the commercial advantages of which, perhaps even as a western route to See also:

• CHINA

China and See also:

• JAPAN

Japan, he soon convinced him . Champlain was placed in command of one of the two vessels sent out . He was to explore and colonize, while the other See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel traded, to pay for the expedition . Champlain fixed on the site of See also:

• QUEBEC

Quebec and founded the first See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white settlement there in See also:

• JULY

July 1608, giving it its See also:

• PRESENT

present name . In the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring he joined a See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war party of Algonquins and See also:

• HURONS

Hurons, discovered the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake that bears his name, and, nearthe present See also:

• TICONDEROGA

Ticonderoga, took with his See also:

• ARQUEBUS (also called harquebus, hackbut, &c.)

arquebus an important See also:

• PART

part in the victory which his See also:

• SAVAGE
• SAVAGE, MINOT JUDSON (1841– )
• SAVAGE, RICHARD (d. 1743)

savage See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends obtained over the See also:

• IROQUOIS

Iroquois . The Iroquois naturally turned first to the Dutch and then to the English for allies . " Thus did new France See also:

• RUSH
• RUSH, BENJAMIN (1745–1813)
• RUSH, RICHARD (1780–1859)

rush into collision with the redoubted warriors of the Five Nations . Here was the beginning, and in some measure doubtless the cause, of a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• SUITE (Suite de pieces; Ordre; Partita)

suite of murderous conflicts, bearing havoc and See also:

• FLAME (Lat. flamma; the root flag- appears in flagrare, to burn, blaze, and Gr. d, XEryew)

flame to generations yet unborn " (See also:

• PARKMAN, FRANCIS (1823-1893)

Parkman) . Champlain returned to France and again related to Henry IV.—who had previously learned his See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth and had pensioned him—his exciting adventures . De Monts failed to secure a renewal of his patent, but resolved to proceed without it .

Champlain was again (1611) in Canada, fighting for and against the Indians and establishing a trading See also:

• POST

post at Mont Royal (see MONTREAL) . He was the third white See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man to descend, and the second to descend successfully, the See also:

• LACHINE

Lachine Rapids . De Monts, now governor of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, was too busy to occupy himself in the waning fortunes of the See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony, and See also:

• LEFT

left them entirely to his See also:

• ASSOCIATE (Lat. associates, from ad, to, and sociare to join)

associate . An influential See also:

• PROTECTOR

protector was needed; and Champlain prevailed upon Charles de See also:

• BOURBON
• BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (149o-1527)

Bourbon, See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

comte de See also:

• SOISSONS

Soissons, to See also:

• INTEREST

interest himself to obtain from the king the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general in New France . The comte de Soissons died almost immediately, and was succeeded in the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office by See also:

• HENRI

Henri de Bourbon, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince de See also:

• CONDE
• CONDE, LOUIS DE BOURBON, PRINCE
• CONDE, LOUIS II
• CONDE, PRINCES OF

Conde, and he, like his predecessors and successors, retained Champlain as lieutenant-governor . " In Champlain alone was the See also:

• LIFE

life of New France . By See also:

• INSTINCT

instinct and temperament he was more impelled to the adventurous toils of exploration than to the duller task of See also:

• BUILDING

building colonies . The profits of trade had value in his eyes only as means to these ends, and settlements were important chiefly as a See also:

• BASE

base of See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery . Two great See also:

• OBJECTS

objects eclipsed all others, —to find a route to the Indies, and to bring the See also:

• HEATHEN

heathen tribes into the embraces of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, since, while he cared little for their bodies, his solicitude for their souls knew no See also:

• BOUNDS, BEATING THE

bounds" (Parkman) . In 1613 Champlain again crossed the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic and endeavoured to confirm See also:

• NICOLAS
• NICOLAS, SIR NICHOLAS HARRIS (1799–1848)

Nicolas de Vignau's alleged discovery of a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short route to the ocean by the See also:

• OTTAWA

Ottawa river, a great lake at its source, and another river flowing See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north therefrom . That See also:

• YEAR

year he got as far as Allumette Island in the Ottawa, but two years later, with a " Great War Party " of Indians, he crossed Lake See also:

• NIPISSING

Nipissing and the eastern ends of Lakes See also:

• HURON
• HURON (a French term, from huge', bristled, early used as an expression of contempt, signifying "lout ")

Huron and See also:

• ONTARIO
• ONTARIO, LAKE

Ontario, and made a fierce but unsuccessful attack on an See also:

• ONONDAGA

Onondaga fortified See also:

• TOWN

town a few See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles south of Lake See also:

• ONEIDA
• ONEIDA (a corruption of their proper name Oneyotka-ono, " people of the stone," in allusion to the Oneida stone, a granite boulder near their former village, which was held sacred by them)

Oneida . This was the end of his wanderings .

He now devoted himself to the growth and strengthening of Quebec . Every year he went to France with this end in view . He was one of the See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred associates of the See also:

• COMPANY

Company of New France, created by See also:

• RICHELIEU, ARMAND EMMANUEL SOPHIE SEPTEMANIE DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, LOUIS FRANCOIS ARMAND DU PLESSIS

Richelieu to reform abuses and take over all his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country's interests in the new See also:

• WORLD

world . These See also:

• ILL

ill-defended possessions See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England now prepared to seize . Three ships were sent out under letters of marque commanded by See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David, See also:

• LEWIS, HENRY CARVILL
• LEWIS, JOHN FREDERICK (180 1876)
• LEWIS, MATTHEW GREGORY (1775-1818)
• LEWIS, MERIWETHER (1774-1809)
• LEWIS, SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL, BART

Lewis and See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• KIRKE, PERCY (c. 1646-1691)

Kirke, and Quebec, already on the See also:

• VERGE (Lat. virga, a rod)

verge of See also:

• STARVATION

starvation, was compelled to surrender (1629) . Champ-lain was taken to England a prisoner, but when Canada was restored to the French he returned (1633) to his post, where he died on the 25th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1635 . He had married in 1610, Helene See also:

• BOULLE, ANDRE CHARLES (1642–1732)

Boulle, then but twelve years old . She did not leave France for Canada, however, until ten years later . After his See also:

• DEATH

death she became a See also:

• NUN (O. Eng. nunne, from Lat. nonnus, nonna, familiar terms for an old man or woman)

nun . Champlain's See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• WORKS

works in 6 vols. were published under the patronage of the university of See also:

• LAVAL
• LAVAL, ANDRE DE, SEIGNEUR DE LOHEAC (c. 1408-1485)

Laval in 1870 . There is a careful translation of Champlain's Voyages, by See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor and Mrs E . G .

See also:

• BOURNE (southern form of burn, Teutonic born, bran, burna)
• BOURNE, or BOURN
• BOURNE, VINCENT (1695-1747)

Bourne in the " Trailmaker " See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series edited by Prof . J . B . McMaster . See F . Parkman, Pioneers of France in the New World (1865); J . See also:

• WINSOR, JUSTIN (1831-1897)

Winsor, See also:

• CARTIER, JACQUES (149.1-'1557)
• CARTIER, SIR GEORGES ETIENNE

Cartier to Frontenac (1894) ; N . E . Dionne, Champlain (1905) . (N . E .