See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

FRANCOIS See also:

• JEAN FRANCOIS CHAMPOLLION (1790–1832)

CHAMPOLLION (1790–1832)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French Egyptologist, called LE JEUNE to distinguish him from See also:

• CHAMPOLLION, JEAN FRANCOIS (1790–1832)

Champollion-See also:

• FIGEAC

Figeac (q.v.), his See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHER

brother, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Figeac, in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

Lot, on the 23rd of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1790 . He was educated by his brother, and was then appointed See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil at the See also:

• LYCEUM

Lyceum, which had recently been founded . His first See also:

• WORK

work (1804) was an See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to show by means of their names that the giants of the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible and of See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology were personifications of natural phenomena . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of sixteen (1807) he read before the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy of See also:

• GRENOBLE

Grenoble a See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper in which he maintained that the Coptic was the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language of See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt . He soon after removed to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, where he enjoyed the friendship of Langles, De Sacy and Millin . In 1809 he was made See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• HISTORY

history in the Lyceum of Grenoble, and there published his earlier See also:

• WORKS

works . Champollion's first decipherment of See also:

• HIEROGLYPHICS (Gr. iepos, sacred, and'yXv ni, carving)

hieroglyphics See also:

• DATES

dates from 1821 . In 1824 he was sent by See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles X. to visit the collections of See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian antiquities in the museums of See also:

• TURIN

Turin, See also:

• LEGHORN (Ital. Livorno, Fr. Livourne)

Leghorn, See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome and See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples; and on his return he was appointed director of the Egyptian museum at the Louvre . In 1828 he was commissioned to undertake the conduct of a scientific expedition to Egypt in See also:

• COMPANY

company with See also:

• ROSELLINI, IPPOLITO (1800-1843)

Rosellini, who had received a similar See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment from See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold II., See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• TUSCANY
• TUSCANY (Toscana)

Tuscany . He remained there about a See also:

• YEAR

year . In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1831 he received the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of Egyptian antiquities, which had been created specially for him, in the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College de See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . He was engaged with Rosellini in See also:

• PUBLISHING

publishing the results of Egyptian researches at the expense of the Tuscan and French governments, when he was seized with a paralytic disorder, and died at Paris in 1832 .

Champollion, whose claims were hotly disputed for many years after his See also:

• DEATH

death, is now universally acknowledged to have been the founder of Egyptology . He wrote L'Egypte sous See also:

• LES

les Pharaons (2 vols . 8vo, 1814) ; Sur l'ecriture hieratique (1821); Sur l'ecriture demotique; Precis du systeme hieroglyphique, &c . (1824) ; See also:

• PANTHEON (Lat. pantheum or pantheon; Gr. srav& ov, all-holy, from re, s, all, and Oeor god)

Pantheon egyptien, ou collection See also:

• DES

des personnages mythologiques de l'ancienne Egypte (incomplete) ; Monumens de l'Egyple et de la Nubie consideres See also:

• PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par rapport a l'histoire, la See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion, &c.; Grammaire igyptienne (1836), and Dictionnaire egyptienne (1841), edited by his brother; Analyse methodique du texte demotique de Rosette; Apercu des resultats historiques de la decouverte de l'alpkabet hieroglyphique (1827) ; Memoires sur les signes employes par les Egyptiens clans leurs trots systemes graphiques a la notation des principales divisions du temps; Lettres ecrites d'Egypte et de Nubie (1833) ; and also several letters on Egyptian subjects, addressed at different periods to the duc de Blacas and others . See H . Hartleben, Champollion, sein Leben and sein Werk (2 vols., 1906); also EGYPT: Language and See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

Writing (ad init.) . CHAMPOLLION-FIGEAC, JACQUES See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

JOSEPH (1778–1867), French archaeologist, elder brother of See also:

• JEAN

Jean See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois Champollion, was born at Figeac in the department of Lot, on the 5th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1778 . He became professor of Greek and librarian at Grenoble, but was compelled to retire in 1816 on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the See also:

• PART

part he had taken during the See also:

• HUNDRED

Hundred Days . He afterwards became keeper of See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts at the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris, and professor of See also:

• PALAEOGRAPHY (Gr. aaXalbs, ancient, and ypal6ew, to write)

palaeography at the Ecole des Chartes . In 1849 he became librarian of the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of See also:

• FONTAINEBLEAU

Fontainebleau . He edited several of his brother's works, and was also author of See also:

• ORIGINAL

original works on philological and See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical subjects, among which may be mentioned Nouvelles recherches sur les See also:

• PATOIS

patois ou idiomes vulgaires de la France (1809), Annales de Lagides (1819) and Chartes latines sur See also:

• PAPYRUS

papyrus du VP siecle de Pere chretienne . His son AIMS (1812–1894) became his See also:

• FATHER

father's assistant at the Bibliotheque Nationale, and besides a number of works on historical subjects wrote a See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical and See also:

• BIBLIOGRAPHICAL

bibliographical study of his See also:

• FAMILY

family in Les Deux Champollion (Grenoble, 1887) .