See also:

• CHANCEL (through O. Fr. from Lat. plur. cancelli, dim. of cancer, grating, lattice, probably connected with an Indo-European root Kar-, to bend; cf. circus, curve, &c.)

CHANCEL (through O. Fr. from See also:

• LAT

Lat. plur. See also:

• CANCELLI (plural of Lat. cancellus, dim. of cancer, a crossing bar)

cancelli, dim. of See also:

• CANCER (" THE CRAB ")
• CANCER, LUIS (d. 1549)
• CANCER, or CARCINOMA (from Lat. cancer, Gr. KapKivwga, an eating ulcer)

cancer, grating, lattice, probably connected with an Indo-See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root Kar-, to See also:

• BEND

bend; cf. See also:

• CIRCUS (Lat. circus, Gr. Kipeos or Kptxot, a ring or' circle; probably " circus " and " ring " are of the same origin)

circus, See also:

• CURVE (Lat. curvus, bent)

curve, &c.)  , in the earliest and strictest sense that See also:

• PART

part of a See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church near the See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar occupied by the deacons and sub-deacons assisting the officiating See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest, this space having originally been separated from the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the church by See also:

• CANCELLI (plural of Lat. cancellus, dim. of cancer, a crossing bar)

cancelli or lattice See also:

• WORK

work . The word cancelli is used in classical Latin of a See also:

• SCREEN (usually, but very doubtfully, connected with Lat. scrinium, a box for holding books, from scribere, to write; a connexion with Ger. Schranke, barrier, has been suggested)

screen, See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar or the like, set to See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark off an enclosed space in a See also:

• BUILDING

building or in an open See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . It is thus used of the bar in a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice (See also:

• CICERO

Cicero, See also:

• VERRES, GAIUS (c. 120-43 B.C.)

Verres, ii . 3 seq.) . It is particularly used of the lattice or screen in the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• BASILICA

basilica, which separated the See also:

• BEMA (Gr./Bf771a)

bema, or raised tribunal, from the rest of the building . The use of the name In ecclesiastical buildings is thus natural, for the altar stood in the place occupied by the bema in the See also:

• APSE
• APSE (Gr. alkir, a fastening, especially the felloe of a wheel; Lat. absis)

apse of the basilica . From the screen the See also:

• TERM

term was See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early transferred to the space inter cancellos, i.e. the See also:

• LOCUS (Lat. for " place "; in Gr. rinros)

locus altaris cancellis septus . This railed-off space is now generally known among See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholics as the " See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary," the word See also:

• CHANCEL (through O. Fr. from Lat. plur. cancelli, dim. of cancer, grating, lattice, probably connected with an Indo-European root Kar-, to bend; cf. circus, curve, &c.)

chancel being little used . In the Church of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, however, the word chancel survived the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation, and is applied, both in the ecclesiastical and the architectural sense, to that part of the church occupied by the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal altar or communion table and by the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy and singers officiating at the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief services; it thus includes See also:

• PRESBYTERY

presbytery, chancel proper andchoir (q.v.), and in this sense, in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of cathedrals and other large churches, is often used synonymously with See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir . In this more inclusive sense the early basilican churches had no chancels, which were a comparatively See also:

• LATE

late development; the cancelli, e.g. of such a church as See also:

• SAN

San Clemente at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome are See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent not to the " chancel screen " of a See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval church but to the " altar rails " that See also:

• DIVIDE

divide off the sanctuary . In churches of the type that See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew to its perfection in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages the chancels are clearly differentiated from the See also:

• NAVE

nave by structural features: by the raising of the See also:

• FLOOR (from O. Eng. flor, a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vloer, and Ger. Flur, a field, in the feminine, and a floor, masculine)

floor level, by the presence of a " chancel See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch," and by a chancel or See also:

• ROOD (O.E. rod, a stick, another form of " rod, O.E. rodd, possibly cognate with Lat. rudis, a staff)

rood screen (see Rom) . The chancel screen might be no more than a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low barrier, some 4 ft. high, or a See also:

• LIGHT

light structure of See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood or wrought See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron; sometimes, however, they were massive See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone screens, which in certain cases were continued on either See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side between the piers of the choir and (on the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent) See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east end of the sanctuary, as in the cathedrals of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, See also:

• BOURGES

Bourges, See also:

• LIMOGES

Limoges, See also:

• AMIENS

Amiens and See also:

• CHARTRES

Chartres .

These screens served the purpose, in collegiate and conventual churches, of cutting off the space reserved for the services conducted for and by the members of the See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter or community . For popular services a second high altar was usually set up to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of the screen, as formerly at See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey . In See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish churches the screen was set, partly to differentiate the space occupied by the clergy from that reserved for the laity, partly to support the See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation of the crucifixion known as the Rood . In these churches, too, the chancel is very usually structurally differentiated by being narrower and, sometimes, less high than the nave . In the Church of England, the See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty of repairing the chancel falls upon the See also:

• PARSON

parson by See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom, while the repair of the See also:

• BODY

body of the church falls on the parishioners . In particular cases, as in certain See also:

• LONDON

London churches, the parishioners also have to repair the chancel . Where there a..e both a See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector and a See also:

• VICAR (Lat. vicarius, substitute)

vicar the See also:

• REPAIRS (from Lat. reparare, to make ready again)

repairs are shared between them, and this is also the case where the rector is a See also:

• LAY

lay impropriator . By the See also:

• RUBRIC (Fr. rubrique, Lat. rubrica, Tuber, red)

rubric of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

Prayer See also:

• BOOK

Book " the chancels shall remain as they have done in times past," i.e. distinguished from the body of the church by some See also:

• PARTITION

partition sufficient to See also:

• SEPARATE

separate the two without interfering with the view of the See also:

• CONGREGATION (Lat. congregatio, a gathering together, from cum, with, grex, gregis, a flock, herd)

congregation . At the Reformation, and for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time after, this distinction was regarded by the dominant Puritan party as a mark of See also:

• SACERDOTALISM (from Lat. sacerdos, priest, literally one who presents sacred offerings, sacer, sacred, and dare, to give)

sacerdotalism, and services were commonly said in other parts of the church, the chancels being closed and disused . The rubric, however, directs that " ` See also:

• MORNING

Morning and Evening Prayer' shall be used in the accustomed place in the church, See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel or chancel, except it shall be otherwise determined by the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

Ordinary." Chancel screens, with or without See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates, are lawful, but chancellors of dioceses have refused to See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant a See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty to erect gates, as unnecessary or inexpedient .