CHANCERY  .—The records of the chancery are here treated in two divisions, administrative and judicial . (i) Chancery Administrative.—These are either enrolments of letters issued under the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

seal, documents forming See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• PROCESS

process of issuing such letters, or documents See also:

• DRAWN

drawn up for the See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information of the chancery . Enrolments.—The See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

Charter Rolls (1 See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John to 8 See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VIII.) contain the enrolments of the most formal letters . The See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

Record See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

Commission published one See also:

• VOLUME

volume See also:

• FOLIO (properly the ablative case of the Lat. folium, leaf, but also frequently an adaptation of the Ital. foglio)

folio containing a transcript of the rolls for the reign of John; and a badly designed and executed See also:

• CALENDAR

calendar entitled Calendarium Rotulorum Chartarum . The Record See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

Office has published three volumes of a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete calendar of the Charter Rolls from 11 Henry III . The Patent Rolls (3 John to the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day) contain enrolments of less formal letters addressed generally . The Record Commission published one volume folio containing a transcript of the rolls for the reign of John, with a valuable itinerary of that See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king . The Record Office has also printed in fullthe rolls for the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period 1–16 Henry III . From this point over 3o volumes of a Calendar have been published, and the remaining gaps in the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series are being closed . For these gaps the Record Commission's Calendarium Rotulorum Patentium is still useful, but only refers to a small proportion of the See also:

• MATTER

matter on the rolls . The rolls for the reign of Henry VIII. are calendared in the Letters and Papers of Henry VIII . The See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

Close Rolls (6 John to the present See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time) contain the enrolments of letters directed to specified persons and also enrolments of deeds made according to See also:

• STATUTE

statute or for safe custody .

The Record Commission published two volumes folio containing a transcript of the rolls for the period from 6 John to 11 Henry III . The Record Office has also published several volumes of rolls for the reign of Henry III . From the. reign of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I. eighteen volumes of a calendar have appeared . The See also:

• FINE

Fine Rolls (1 John to 23 See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles I.) contain the record of judicial writs issued under the great seal with a See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note of the fine or See also:

• FEE

fee paid; also of letters of See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment to offices and letters See also:

• RELATING

relating to the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of the feudal incidents of See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure . The Record Commission published a transcript of the rolls for the reign of John under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus; for the reign of Henry III. they also published two volumes of Excerpta e Rotulis Finium consisting of the entries relating to the feudal incidents . There were also other rolls containing letters issued under the great seal relating to See also:

• SPECIAL

special countries and subjects . The most important of these are here mentioned . See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French Rolls, Gascon Rolls, and See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman Rolls See also:

• DEAL

deal with the affairs of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English dominions in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and with relations with that See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . A See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

catalogue of many of the entries on these rolls down to the reign of Edward IV. was published by See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• CARTE, THOMAS (1686-1754)

Carte in two volumes folio . Of the French Rolls (16 Edw . III. to 26 Charles II.) those for the reign of Henry V. are briefly calendared in the 44th See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report; and those for the reign of Henry VI. in the 48th Report . Of the Gascon Rolls (38 Henry III. to 7 Edw .

IV.) the earlier rolls have been printed in full in the Documents inedits published by the French See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government under the care of MM . Francisque-See also:

• MICHEL
• MICHEL, CLAUDE
• MICHEL, FRANCISQUE XAVIER (1809-1887)

Michel and See also:

• BEMONT, CHARLES (1848— )

Bemont . Of the broken series of Norman Rolls (1 John to lo Henry V.) those for the reign of John and that for 5 Henry V. have been printed in full in one volume by the Record Commission; to the See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder a calendar will be found in the 41st Report . The books here mentioned deal with some rolls now placed in other classes . Other rolls contain letters under the great seal relating to See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland and See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales . Of these the Record Commission printed the Scottish Rolls (19 Edward I. to 8 Henry VIII.) in full, omitting the numerous letters of See also:

• PROTECTION

protection contained in them . For the Welsh and Irish Rolls there is only a very partial calendar in Ayloffe's Calendar of See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

Ancient Charters . The See also:

• ROMAN

Roman and Almain Rolls have been used in Foedera, and many entries from the other chancery rolls will be found there . The Liberate Rolls (2 John to 14 Henry VI.) contain the enrolments of writs for the issue of See also:

• MONEY

money out of the See also:

• EXCHEQUER

Exchequer . The rolls for 2–4 John have been printed in full by the Record Commission . Documents forming Part of the Process of issuing Letters under the Great Seal,—These are known as Chancery warrants, and consist of Privy See also:

• SEALS

Seals, Signed bills and other documents forming steps in the process . Series I. of these documents extends to the end of the reign of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard III., and Series II. to the end of the reign of Henry VIII.; Series III. ends with the reign of See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne, and Series IV. with that of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William IV., while Series V. is still in progress .

Series I. and II. are arranged in See also:

• CHRONOLOGICAL

chronological See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order (Series I. being also classified); the remainder are in monthly bundles . The warrants for the reign of Henry VIII. are calendared in the Letters and Papers of Henry VIII.; those for the first seven years of Charles I. are calendared in the 43rd Report . With these may be placed the Inquisitions ad quad damnum . Of these the Record Office has published a descriptive See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list (Nos . XVII. and XXII.) for the period 28 Henry III. to 2 Richard III . Documents drawn up for the Information of the Chancery.—The most important of these are the inquiries held under writs issued from the chancery . The first series of these (Henry III. to Richard III.) is now arranged in three classes, Inquisitions See also:

• POST

Post Mortem including analogous documents relating to the feudal tenure of See also:

• LAND

land, Criminal Inquisitions and See also:

• MISCELLANEOUS

Miscellaneous Inquisitions . The Record Office has published three volumes of a calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem . The Record Commission calendars refer to the old arrangements of these inquiries into two series, known as Inquisitions Post Mortem &Y. and Inquisitions ad quod damnum &c., a distinction of title which concealed the identity of the documents described . Both calendars contain many inaccuracies and omit much useful information . To See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply some of these defects for the period Henry III. to Edward I. the Record Office published the Calendarium Genealogicum, but this See also:

• WORK

work does not See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to deal with the lands mentioned in the inquiries . In the second series of these inquiries the three classes of inquisitions are all placed together .

One volume of a calendar to the Inquisitions Post Mortem for the reign of Henry VII. has appeared . Certificates of See also:

• GILDS, or GUILDS

Gilds are returns made under the statute of 12 Richard II . Those in English have been printed by J. and L . Toulmin See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith for the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early English See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

Text Society . Charitable Uses: a list (No . X.) of all inquisitions and decrees of commissioners appointed under two statutes of See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth to examine and rectify abuses of charitable bequests has been published by the Record Office . Forests (Chancery) contain perambulations and proceedings before the justices in See also:

• EYRE, EDWARD JOHN (1815-1901)
• EYRE, SIR JAMES (1734-1799)

eyre of the See also:

• FOREST

forest . The perambulations for certain counties have been printed by G . J . See also:

• TURNER, CHARLES (1773–1857)
• TURNER, JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM (1775–1851)
• TURNER, NAT (1800-1831)
• TURNER, SHARON (1768-1847)
• TURNER, SIR JAMES (1615–1686)
• TURNER, WILLIAM (d. 1568)

Turner in Select Pleas of the Forest (See also:

• SELDEN, JOHN (1584–1654)

Selden Society) . Scottish Documents.—Five rolls relating to the policy of Edward I. towards Scotland . The first two contain the proceedings touching the claims to the See also:

• CROWN

crown of Scotland and are printed in Foedera, vol. ii. p .

762 (Record edition) ; the remaining three, known as Ragman Rolls, contain in triplicate the submissions of the Scottish See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility to Edward I., and were printed by the See also:

• BANNATYNE, GEORGE (1545—? 1608)

Bannatyne See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

Club in 18J4 . Other chancery documents relating to Scotland are described in J . See also:

• BAIN, ALEXANDER (1818-1903)
• BAIN, ANDREW GEDDES (1797-1864)

Bain's Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland . Most of these together with the earlier Forest proceedings are included in the Miscellanea of the Chancery, which contains numerous other detached documents and rolls . Many of those relating to See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign affairs are printed in the Foedera . (2) Chancery Judicial.—These may be divided into Proceedings, or Bills and Answers, &c., filed by the parties; Decrees and Orders of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court; and Affidavits and other documents connected with the course of the See also:

• ACTION

action . The series known as Early Chancery Proceedings (Richard II. to See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip and See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary), comprising documents of all three classes, is arranged roughly in chronological order . The Record Office has published three volumes of a descriptive list (Nos . XI I., XVI. and XX.) of the whole of this series; and the first two bundles have been printed in full in the Record Commission's Calendar of Proceedings in Chancery, Elizabeth; other specimens are printed in Select Pleas of the Chancery (Selden Society), edited by W . P . Baildon . For the reign of Elizabeth the Proceedings are arranged alphabetically under the See also:

• PLAINTIFF

plaintiff's name in two series .

Series I. is calendared in the Record Commission volumes already mentioned for Series II.; the Record Office has published a descriptive list (Nos . V I I. and VIII.) covering the years 1558–162 i . To the Bills and Answers of the reign of Charles II . Messrs See also:

• PHILLIMORE, SIR ROBERT JOSEPH (1810-1885)

Phillimore and See also:

• FRY
• FRY, ELIZABETH (178o-1845)
• FRY, SIR EDWARD (1827– )

Fry have published in the See also:

• INDEX

Index Library of the See also:

• BRITISH

British Record Society an index taken from Topham's See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript index in the Record Office . The same society has reproduced in an alphabetical See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form an index to the proceedings in Reynardson's See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division for the years 1694–1714 . These last indexes contain only the surnames of the parties, without reference to the nature of the suit . Decrees and Orders (36 Henry VIII. to the present time) are the entry-books of the orders of the court; with them may be classed the Reports and Certificates of the masters and See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief clerks . The Affidavits, &c., date from 1611 . The See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor formerly had a See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction relating to certain matters touching feudal incidents and tenures, to repeals of letters patent, and to actions upon recognizances acknowledged in chancery or concerning See also:

• OFFICERS

officers of the court . No printed means of referring to these records exist .