CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA (reigned 321–296 B.c.)  , known to the Greeks as Sandracottus, founder of the Maurya See also:

• EMPIRE

empire and first See also:

• PARAMOUNT (Anglo-Fr. paramont, up above, par el mont, up or on top of the mountain)

paramount ruler of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, was the son of a See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• MAGADHA

Magadha by a woman of humble origin, whose See also:

• CASTE (through the Fr. from Span. and Port. casta, lineage, Lat. cast us, pure)

caste he took, and whose name, Mura, is said to have been the origin of that of Maurya assumed by his See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty . As a youth he was driven into See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile by his kinsman, the reigning king of Magadha . In the course of his wanderings he met See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander the See also:

• GREAT

Great, and, according to See also:

• PLUTARCH
• PLUTARCH (Gr. llXoi rapxos) (c. A.D. 46–120)

Plutarch (Alexander, cap . 62), encouraged him to invade the See also:

• GANGES (GANGA)

Ganges See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom by enlarging on the extreme unpopularity of the reigning monarch . During his exile he collected a large force of the warlike clans of the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west frontier, and on the See also:

• DEATH

death of Alexander attacked the Macedonian garrisons and conquered the See also:

• PUNJAB

Punjab . He next attacked Magadha, de-throned and slew the king, his enemy, with every member of his See also:

• FAMILY

family, and established himself on the See also:

• THRONE

throne (321) . The great See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army acquired from his predecessor he increased until it reached the See also:

• TOTAL

total of 30,000 See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry, 9000 elephants, and 600,000 See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry; and with this huge force he overran all See also:

• NORTHERN

northern India, establishing his empire from the Arabian See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea to the See also:

• BAY

Bay of See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal . In 305 Seleucus Nicator crossed the See also:

• INDUS

Indus, but was defeated by Chandragupta and forced to a humiliating See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace (303), by which the empire of the latter was still farther extended in the north . About six years later Chandragupta died, leaving his empire to his son Bindusura . An excellent See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court and administrative See also:

• SYSTEM

system of Chandragupta has been preserved in the fragments of Megasthenes, who came to Pataliputra as the See also:

• ENVOY (Fr. envoye, " sent ")

envoy of Seleucus shortly after 303 . The See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government was, of course, autocratic and even tyrannous, but it was organi ed on an elaborate system, army and See also:

• CIVIL

civil service being adminl ered by a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of boards, while the cities were governed by municipal commissioners responsible for public See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order and the upkeep of public See also:

• WORKS

works . Chandragupta himself is described as living in barbaric splendour, appearing in public only to hear causes, offer See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice, or to go on military and See also:

• HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting expeditions, and withal so fearful of assassination that he never slept two nights See also:

• RUNNING

running in the same See also:

• ROOM

room .

See J . W . MacCrindle, See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and See also:

• ARRIAN (FLAvrus ARRIANUS)

Arrian (See also:

• CALCUTTA

Calcutta, 1877); V . A . See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith, See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early Hist. of India (See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, 1908); also the articles INDIA: See also:

• HISTORY

History, and See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

INSCRIPTIONS: See also:

• INDIAN

Indian .