CHANGRA, or KANGHARI (anc. Gangra; called also till the

See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of

See also:

• CARACALLA (or CARACALLUS), MARCUS A U R E L I U S ANTONINUS (186-217)

Caracalla, Germanicopolis, after the

See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor

See also:

• CLAUDIUS
• CLAUDIUS [TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS DRUSUS NERO GERMANICUS]
• CLAUDIUS, MARCUS AURELIUS
• CLAUDIUS, MATTHIAS (174o-1815)

Claudius)  , the chief town of a "sanjak of the same name in the Kastamuni vilayet, Asia Minor, situated in a rich, well-watered valley; altitude 2500 ft . The ground is impregnated with salt, and the town is unhealthy . Pop . (1894) 15,632, of whom 1o86 are Christians (Cuinet) . Gangra, the capital of the Paphlagonian kingdom of Deiotarus Philadelphus, son of Castor, was taken into the Roman province of Galatia on his death in 6–5 B.C . The earlier town, the name of which signified " she-goat," was built on the hill behind the modern city, on which are the ruins of a late fortress; while the Roman city occupied the site of the modern . In Christian times Gangra was the metropolitan see of Paphlagonia . In the 4th century the town was the scene of an important ecclesiastical synod . Synod of Gangra.—Conjectures as to the date of this synod vary from 341 to 376 . All that can, be affirmed with certainty is that it was held about the middle of the 4th century . The synodal letter states that twenty-one bishops assembled to take action concerning Eustathius (of Sebaste?) and his followers, who contemned marriage, disparaged the offices of the church, held conventicles of their own, wore a peculiar dress, denounced riches, and affected especial sanctity . The synod condemned the Eustathian practices, declaring however, with remarkable moderation, that it was not virginity that was condemned, but the dishonouring of marriage; not poverty, but the disparagement of honest and benevolent wealth; not asceticism, but spiritual pride; not individual piety, but dishonouring the house of God .

The twenty canons of Gangra were declared ecumenical by the

council of Chalcedon, 451 . See Mansi ii. pp . 1095-1122; Hardouin i. pp . 530-540; Hefele 2nd ed., i. pp . 777 sqq . (English trans. ii. pp . 325 sqq.) .