See also:

• CHAPBOOK (from the O. Eng. chap, to buy and sell)

CHAPBOOK (from the O. Eng. See also:

• CHAP

chap, to buy and sell)  , the comparatively See also:

• MODERN

modern name applied by booksellers and bibliophiles to the little stitched tracts written for the See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• PEOPLE

people and formerly circulated in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland and the See also:

• AMERICAN

American colonies by itinerant dealers or chapmen, consisting chiefly of vulgarized versions of popular stories, such as Tom Thumb, See also:

• JACK

Jack the See also:

• GIANT (O.E. geant, through Fr. giant, O.Fr. gaiant, jaiant, jeant, med. pop. Lat. gagante—cf. Ital. gigante—by assimilation from gigantem, ace. of Lat. gigas, Gr. yiyas)

Giant Killer, See also:

• MOTHER

Mother See also:

• SHIPTON, MOTHER

Shipton, and Reynard the See also:

• FOX
• FOX, C
• FOX, CHARLES JAMES (1749-1806)
• FOX, EDWARD (c. 1496-1538)
• FOX, GEORGE (1624-1691)
• FOX, RICHARD (c. 1448-1528)
• FOX, ROBERT WERE (1789—1877)
• FOX, SIR STEPHEN (1627–1716)
• FOX, SIR WILLIAM (1812-1893)

Fox—travels, See also:

• BIOGRAPHIES

biographies and religious See also:

• TREATISES

treatises . Few of the older chapbooks exist . See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

• PEPYS, SAMUEL (1633-1703)

Pepys collected some of the best and had them See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound into small See also:

• QUARTO

quarto volumes, which he called Vulgaria; also four volumes of a smaller See also:

• SIZE

size, which he lettered See also:

• PENNY (Mid. Eng. peni or peny, from O. Eng. form penig, earlier penning and pending; the word appears in Ger. Pfennig and Du. penning; it has been connected with Du. pand, Ger. Pfand, and Eng. " pawn,". the word meaning a little pledge or token, or with G
• PENNY, GIANFRANCESCO (1488–1528)

Penny Witticisms, Penny Merriments, Penny Compliments and Penny Godlinesses . The See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early chapbooks were the See also:

• DIRECT

direct descendants of the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black-See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter tracts of Wynkyn de Worde . It was in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France that the See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing-See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press first began to See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply See also:

• READING

reading for the common people . At the end of the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century there was a large popular literature of farces, tales in See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse and See also:

• PROSE

prose, satires, almanacs, &c., stitched together so as to contain a few leaves, and circulated by itinerant booksellers, known as colporteurs . Most early See also:

• ENGLISH

English chapbooks are adaptations or See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations of these See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French originals, and were introduced into England early in the 16th century . The chapbooks of the 17th century See also:

• PRESENT

present us with valuable illustrations of the See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time; one of the best known is that containing the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of See also:

• DICK, ROBERT
• DICK, THOMAS (1774-1857)

Dick See also:

• WHITTINGTON
• WHITTINGTON, RICHARD (d. 1423)

Whittington . Others which had a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• VOGUE, EUGENE MELCHIOR, COMTE DE (1848- )

vogue are Jack the Giant Killer, Little Red See also:

• RIDING

Riding See also:

• HOOD,
• HOOD, JOHN BELL (1831–1879)
• HOOD, SAMUEL HOOD, VISCOUNT (1724–1816)
• HOOD, SIR SAMUEL (1762-1814)
• HOOD, THOMAS (1799-1845)
• HOOD, TOM (1835–1874)

Hood, and Mother Shipton . Those of the 18th century are far inferior in every way, both as regards the literature and the printing; and unfortunately it is these which See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the bulk of what is now known to us in collections as chapbooks . They have never exercised any great See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in England nor received much See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention, owing no doubt to their poor See also:

• LITERARY

literary See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . In France, on the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, their French equivalents have been the See also:

• OBJECT

object of See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close and systematic study, and L'Histoire See also:

• DES

des livres populaires ou de la litterature du colportage by See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• NISARD, JEAN MARIE NAPOLEON DESIRE (18o6-1888)

Nisard (1854) goes deeply into the subject .

Amongst English books may be mentioned Notices of Fugitive Tracts and Chapbooks, by J . O . Halliwell-Phillipps (1849); Chapbooks of the 18th Century, by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• ASHTON

Ashton (1882), and some reprints by the See also:

• VILLON, FRANCOIS (1431-c. 1463)

Villon Society in 1885 .