See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES (1525-1574)  , See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal of See also:

• LORRAINE

Lorraine, See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French states-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, was the second son of See also:

• CLAUDE, JEAN (1619-1687)

Claude of Lorraine, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• GUISE
• GUISE, HOUSE OF

Guise, and See also:

• BROTHER

brother of See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis, duke of Guise . He was See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• REIMS
• REIMS (RHEIMS)

Reims in 1538, and cardinal in 1547 . At first he was called the cardinal of Guise, but in 1550, on the See also:

• DEATH

death of his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, cardinal of Lorraine, he in his turn took the See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of cardinal of Lorraine . Brilliant, cunning and a See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of intrigue, he was, like all the Guises, devoured with ambition and devoid of scruples . He had, said Brant6me, " a soul exceeding smirched," and, he adds, " by nature he was exceeding See also:

• CRAVEN, PAULINE MARIE ARMANDE AGLAE (18o8—189r)
• CRAVEN, WILLIAM CRAVEN, EARL

craven." Together with his brother, Duke Francis, the cardinal of Lorraine was all-powerful during the reigns of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry II. and Francis II.; in 1558 and 1559 he was one of the negotiators of the treaty of Cateau-Cambresis; he fought and pitilessly persecuted the reformers, and by his intolerant policy helped to provoke the crisis of the See also:

• WARS

wars of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion . The death of Francis II. deprived him of See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, but he remained one of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal leaders of the See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic party . In 1561, at the Colloquy of See also:

• POISSY
• POISSY, COLLOQUY OF

Poissy, he was commissioned to reply to See also:

• THEODORE
• THEODORE (602-690)
• THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
• THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

Theodore See also:

• BEZA (DE BESZE), THEODORE (1519—1605)

Beza . In 1562 he went to the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

Trent, where he at first defended the rights of the Gallican See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church against the pretensions of the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope; but after the assassination of his brother, he approached the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, and on his return to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France he endeavoured, but without success, to obtain the promulgation of the decrees of the council (1564) . In 1567, when the Protestants took up arms, he held for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the first See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's council, but See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine de' See also:

• MEDICI
• MEDICI, GIACOMO (1817-1882)

Medici soon See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew weary of his arrogance, and in 1570 he had to leave the court . He endeavoured to regain favour by negotiating at Rome the See also:

• DISPENSATION

dispensation for the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of Henry of See also:

• NAVARRE (Span. Navarra)

Navarre with See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret of See also:

• VALOIS, COUNTS AND DUKES OF
• VALOIS, HENRI DE [VALESIUS] (1603-1676)

Valois (1572) . He died on the 26th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1574, at the beginning of the reign of Henry III . An orator of See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent, he See also:

• LEFT

left several harangues or sermons, among them being Oraison prononcee au Colloque de Poissy (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1562) and Oratio habita in Concil .

See also:

• TRIDENT (Lat. tridens, lri-, tres, three and dens, tooth)

Trident . (Concil . Trident . Orationes, See also:

• LOUVAIN (Flem. Leuven)

Louvain, 1567) . A large amount of See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence is preserved in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris . See also Rene de See also:

• BOUILLE, FRANCOIS CLAUDE AMOUR, MARQUIS DE (1739-1800)

Bouille, Histoire See also:

• DES

des ducs de Guise (Paris, 1849) ; H . Forneron, See also:

• LES

Les Guises et leur $poque (Paris, 1877); Guillemin, Le Cardinal de Lorraine (1847) .