See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN See also:

• LUDWIG, KARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1816—1895)
• LUDWIG, OTTO (1813-1865)

LUDWIG; in See also:

• RUM
• RUM (according to Skeat, a corruption of Malay brum or bram; the adjective " rum," i.e. " queer," being a distinct word, in Gipsy rem)

Rum. See also:

• CAROL (O. Fr. carole)

CAROL)  , See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• RUMANIA
• RUMANIA, or ROUMANIA [Romdnia]

Rumania (1839– ), second son of See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince Karl Anton of See also:

• HOHENZOLLERN

Hohenzollern-See also:

• SIGMARINGEN

Sigmaringen, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the loth of See also:

• APRIL

April 1839 . He was educated at See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden (1850–1856), and passed through his university course at See also:

• BONN

Bonn . Entering the Prussian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in 1857, he won considerable distinction in the Danish See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of 1864, and received instruction in See also:

• STRATEGY

strategy from See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General von See also:

• MOLTKE, ADAM GOTTLOB, COUNT (1710-1792)
• MOLTKE, ADAM WILHELM, COUNT (1785-1864)
• MOLTKE, HELMUTH CARL BERNHARD, COUNT VON (1800-1891)

Moltke . He afterwards travelled in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain and See also:

• ALGERIA
• ALGERIA (Algerie)

Algeria . He was a See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain in the 2nd See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment of Prussian See also:

• DRAGOON (Fr. dragon, Ger. Dragoner)

Dragoon See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

Guards when he was elected See also:

• HOSPODAR

hospodar or prince of Rumania on the loth of April 1866, after the compulsory See also:

• ABDICATION (Lat. abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one)

abdication of Prince See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• CUZA (or CouzA), ALEXANDER JOHN [Alexandru Joan] (1820-1873)

Cuza . Regarded at first with distrust by See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey, See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia and See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, he succeeded in gaining general recognition in six months; but he had to See also:

• CON

con-tend for ten years with fierce party struggles between the Conservatives and the Liberals . During this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, however, See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles displayed See also:

• GREAT

great tact in his dealings with both parties, and kept his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country in the path of administrative and economic reform, organizing the army, developing the See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways, and establishing commercial relations with See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers . The sympathy of Rumania with France in the Franco-Prussian War of 187o, and the consequent interruption of certain commercial undertakings, led to a hostile See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement against Prince Charles, which, being fostered by Russia, made him resolve to abdicate; and it was with difficulty that he was persuaded to remain . In the Russo-See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish Warof 1877–78 he joined the Russians before See also:

• PLEVNA (Bulgarian Pleven)

Plevna (q.v.), and being placed in command of ' the combined See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian and Rumanian forces, forced See also:

• OSMAN (1832-1900)
• OSMAN (`UsMAN)

Osman See also:

• PASHA

Pasha to surrender . As a con-sequence of the prince's vigorous See also:

• ACTION

action the See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence of Rumania, which had been proclaimed in May 1877, was con-firmed by various See also:

• TREATIES

treaties in 1878, and recognized by Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, France and See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany in 1880 . On the 26th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1881 he was proclaimed king of Rumania, and, with his See also:

• CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

consort, was crowned on the 22nd of May following . From that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he pursued a successful career in See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home and foreign policy, and greatly improved the See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial amd military position of his country; while his appreciation of the See also:

• FINE

fine arts was shown by his formation of an important collection of paintings of all See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools in his palaces at Sinala and See also:

• BUCHAREST (Bucuresci)

Bucharest .

For a detailed See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his reign, see RUMANIA . On the 1st of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1869 he married Princess See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth (q.v.), a daughter of Prince See also:

• HERMANN, JOHANN GOTTFRIED JAKOB (1772–1848)
• HERMANN, KARL FRIEDRICH (1804–1855)

Hermann of Wied, widely known under her See also:

• LITERARY

literary name of " Carmen Sylva." As the only See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child of the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage, a daughter, died in 1874, the See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession was finally settled upon the king's See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew, Prince See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who was created prince of Rumania on the 18th of March 1889, and married, on the loth of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1893, Princess See also:

• MARIE

Marie, daughter of See also:

• ALFRED

Alfred, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• SAXE, JOHN GODFREY (1816-1887)
• SAXE, MAURICE, COMTE DE (1696-1750)

Saxe-See also:

• COBURG

Coburg, their See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children being Prince See also:

• CAROL (O. Fr. carole)

Carol (b . 1893) and Princess Elizabeth (b . 1894) . The See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• LIFE

life of King Charles, mainly his own See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition, Aus dem Leben See also:

• KONIG, KARL RUDOLPH (1832-1901)

Konig Karls von Rumanien (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1894—1900, 4 vols.),'deals mainly with See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• HISTORY

history . See for an account of his domestic life, M . Kremnitz, Konig Karl von Rumanien . Ein Lebensbild (See also:

• BRESLAU (Polish Wraclaw)

Breslau, 1903) .