See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES RENE  D'See also:

• HOZIER, PIERRE

HOZIER (1640-1732), younger son of See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre, was the true continuator of his See also:

• FATHER

father . In addition to his commentary appended to See also:

• ANTOINE, ANDRE (1858- )

Antoine Varillas's See also:

• HISTORY

history of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles IX . (1686 ed.), he published Recherches sur la noblesse de See also:

• CHAMPAGNE

Champagne (1673) . On the promulgation in 1696 of an See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict directing all who had armorial See also:

• BEARINGS

bearings to See also:

• REGISTER

register them on See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of 20 livres, he was employed to collect the declarations returned in the various generalites, and established the Armorial See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general de See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . This See also:

• WORK

work, which contained not only the armorial bearings of See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble families, but also of those commoners who were entitled to See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear arms, is not See also:

• COMPLETE

complete, inasmuch as many refused to register their arms, either from vanity or from a See also:

• DESIRE

desire to evade the See also:

• FEE

fee . The collection (now in the Bibliotheque Nationale) consists of 34 volumes of See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text and 35 of coloured armorial bearings, and in spite of its deficiencies is a useful See also:

• STORE (from O. Fr. estor or estoire, Late Lat. staurum or instaurum, stock, provisions, supply, from the late use of instaurare, to provide, properly to construct, renew, restore)

store of See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information for the history of the old See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French families . It contains 6o,000 names, grouped according to provinces and provincial subdivisions . The sections See also:

• RELATING

relating to See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy and Franche-See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

Comte were published by See also:

• HENRI

Henri Bouchot (1875–1876): those relating to the generalite of See also:

• LIMOGES

Limoges, by See also:

• MOREAU, GUSTAVE (1826-1898)
• MOREAU, HEGESIPPE (18ro-1838)
• MOREAU, JEAN VICTOR MARIE (1763-1813)

Moreau de Pravieux (1895) ; and those for the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of See also:

• REIMS
• REIMS (RHEIMS)

Reims, by P . Cosset (1903) . In 1717, in consequence of a See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel with his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis Pierre, son of Louis See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger, Charles sold his collection to the king . It then comprised r6o portfolios of genealogical papers arranged alphabetically, 175 volumes of documents, and numerous printed books profusely annotated . In 1720 it was inventoried by P.de Clairambault, who added a certain number of genealogies taken from the papers of F .

R. de Gaienieres, increasing the but they hardly do See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice to the spirit of kindly benevolence which in less trying circumstances he was ever ready to display . He died at Winkel on the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine, on the 4th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 856 . He is frequently referred to as St Rabanus, but incorrectly . His voluminous See also:

• WORKS

works, many of which remain unpublished, comprise commentaries on a considerable number of the books both of canonical and of apocryphal Scripture (See also:

• GENESIS
• GENESIS (Gr. 'ybeo-es, becoming; the term being used in English as a synonym for origin or process of coming into being)

Genesis to See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges, See also:

• RUTH, BOOK OF

Ruth, See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

Kings, See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

Chronicles, See also:

• JUDITH, THE BOOK OF

Judith, See also:

• ESTHER

Esther, See also:

• CANTICLES

Canticles, See also:

• PROVERBS, BOOK OF (Heb. Mishle Slzelomoh, " Proverbs of Solomon," abridged by the later Jews to Mishle; Septuagint, irapotpiai or II. EaX.; Lat. Vulg. Parabolae sal. and Liber proverbiorum)

Proverbs, See also:

• WISDOM, BOOK OF, or WISDOM OF SOLOMON (Sept. Io4ia IaXwµwvos; Lat. Vulg. Liber sapientiae)

Wisdom, See also:

• ECCLESIASTICUS (abbreviated to Ecclus.)

Ecclesiasticus, See also:

• JEREMIAH

Jeremiah, See also:

• LAMENTATIONS (Lamentations of Jeremiah)

Lamentations, See also:

• EZEKIEL (SKpm', " God strengthens" or " God is strong "; Sept. 'IE'EKL?)X; Vulg. Ezechiel)

Ezekiel, See also:

• MACCABEES
• MACCABEES, BOOKS OF

Maccabees, See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew, the Epistles of St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul, including See also:

• HEBREWS, EPISTLE TO THE

Hebrews); and various See also:

• TREATISES

treatises relating to doctrinal and See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical subjects, including more than one See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of Homilies . Perhaps the most important is that De institution clericorum, in three books, by which he did much to bring into prominence the views of See also:

• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (354-430)
• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (d. c.613)

Augustine and See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory the See also:

• GREAT

Great as to the training which was requisite for a right See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge of the clerical See also:

• FUNCTION

function; the most popular has been a comparatively worthless See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract De laudibus sanctae crucis . Among the others may be mentioned the De universe libri xxii., sive etymologiarum See also:

• OPUS ('O7rois)

opus, a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• DICTIONARY

dictionary or See also:

• ENCYCLOPAEDIA

encyclopaedia, designed as a help towards the See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical and mystical See also:

• INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)

interpretation of Scripture, the De sacris ordinibus, the De disciplina ecclesiastica and the Martyrologium . All of them are characterized by erudition (he knew even some See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek and See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew) rather than by originality of thought . The poems are of singularly little See also:

• INTEREST

interest or value, except as including one See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of the " Vent Creator." In the See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

annals of See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• PHILOLOGY

philology a See also:

• SPECIAL

special interest attaches to the Glossaria Latino-Theodisca . A commentary, Super Porphyrium, printed by See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

Cousin in 1836 among the Ouvrages inedits d'See also:

• ABELARD, PETER (1079-1142)

Abelard, and assigned both by that editor and by See also:

• HAUREAU, (JEAN) BARTHELEMY (1812-1896)

Haureau to Hrabanus Maurus, is now generally believed to have been the work of a See also:

• DISCIPLE

disciple . The first nominally complete edition of the works of Hrabanus Maurus was that of Colvener (See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne, 6 vols. fol., 1627) . The See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

Opera omnia form vols. cvii.-cxii. of See also:

• MIGNE, JACQUES PAUL (1800-1875)

Migne's Patrologiae cm-See also:

• SUS

sus completus . The De universo is the subject of Compendium der Naturwissenschaften an der Schule zu See also:

• FULDA

Fulda See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im IX .

Jahrhundert (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1880) . Maurus is the subject of monographs by See also:

• SCHWARZ (or SCHWARTZ), CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH (1726-1798)
• SCHWARZ, KARL (1812–1885)

Schwarz (De Rhabano Mauro primo Germaniae praeceptore, 1811), Kunstmann (Historische Monographie fiber Hrabanus Magnentius Maurus, 1841), Spengler (Leben See also:

• DES

des heil . Rhabanus Maurus, 1856) and Kohler (Rhabanus Maurus u. See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Schule zu Fulda, 1870) . Lives by his disciple Rudolphus and by Joannes See also:

• TRITHEMIUS, JOHANNES (1462–1516)

Trithemius are printed in the Cologne edition of the Opera . See also See also:

• PERTZ, GEORG HEINRICH (1795-1876)

Pertz, Monum . Germ . Hist . (i. and ii.) ; See also:

• BAHR

Bahr, Gesch. d. romischen Literatur im Karoling . Zeitalter (184o), and Hauck's See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article in the See also:

• HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
• HERZOG, JOHANN JAKOB (1805-1882)

Herzog-Hauck Realencyklopadie, ed . 3 .