CHARLES RENE  D'HOZIER (1640-1732), younger son of Pierre, was the true continuator of his father . In addition to his commentary appended to Antoine Varillas's history of King Charles IX . (1686 ed.), he published Recherches sur la noblesse de Champagne (1673) . On the promulgation in 1696 of an edict directing all who had armorial bearings to register them on payment of 20 livres, he was employed to collect the declarations returned in the various generalites, and established the Armorial general de France . This work, which contained not only the armorial bearings of noble families, but also of those commoners who were entitled to bear arms, is not complete, inasmuch as many refused to register their arms, either from vanity or from a desire to evade the fee . The collection (now in the Bibliotheque Nationale) consists of 34 volumes of text and 35 of coloured armorial bearings, and in spite of its deficiencies is a useful store of information for the history of the old French families . It contains 6o,000 names, grouped according to provinces and provincial subdivisions . The sections relating to Burgundy and Franche-Comte were published by Henri Bouchot (1875–1876): those relating to the generalite of Limoges, by Moreau de Pravieux (1895) ; and those for the election of Reims, by P . Cosset (1903) . In 1717, in consequence of a quarrel with his nephew Louis Pierre, son of Louis Roger, Charles sold his collection to the king . It then comprised r6o portfolios of genealogical papers arranged alphabetically, 175 volumes of documents, and numerous printed books profusely annotated . In 1720 it was inventoried by P.de Clairambault, who added a certain number of genealogies taken from the papers of F .

R. de Gaienieres, increasing the but they hardly do

justice to the spirit of kindly benevolence which in less trying circumstances he was ever ready to display . He died at Winkel on the Rhine, on the 4th of February 856 . He is frequently referred to as St Rabanus, but incorrectly . His voluminous works, many of which remain unpublished, comprise commentaries on a considerable number of the books both of canonical and of apocryphal Scripture (Genesis to judges, Ruth, Kings, Chronicles, Judith, Esther, Canticles, Proverbs, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Maccabees, Matthew, the Epistles of St Paul, including Hebrews); and various treatises relating to doctrinal and practical subjects, including more than one series of Homilies . Perhaps the most important is that De institution clericorum, in three books, by which he did much to bring into prominence the views of Augustine and Gregory the Great as to the training which was requisite for a right discharge of the clerical function; the most popular has been a comparatively worthless tract De laudibus sanctae crucis . Among the others may be mentioned the De universe libri xxii., sive etymologiarum opus, a kind of dictionary or encyclopaedia, designed as a help towards the historical and mystical interpretation of Scripture, the De sacris ordinibus, the De disciplina ecclesiastica and the Martyrologium . All of them are characterized by erudition (he knew even some Greek and Hebrew) rather than by originality of thought . The poems are of singularly little interest or value, except as including one form of the " Vent Creator." In the annals of German philology a special interest attaches to the Glossaria Latino-Theodisca . A commentary, Super Porphyrium, printed by Cousin in 1836 among the Ouvrages inedits d'Abelard, and assigned both by that editor and by Haureau to Hrabanus Maurus, is now generally believed to have been the work of a disciple . The first nominally complete edition of the works of Hrabanus Maurus was that of Colvener (Cologne, 6 vols. fol., 1627) . The Opera omnia form vols. cvii.-cxii. of Migne's Patrologiae cm-sus completus . The De universo is the subject of Compendium der Naturwissenschaften an der Schule zu Fulda im IX .

Jahrhundert (

Berlin, 1880) . Maurus is the subject of monographs by Schwarz (De Rhabano Mauro primo Germaniae praeceptore, 1811), Kunstmann (Historische Monographie fiber Hrabanus Magnentius Maurus, 1841), Spengler (Leben des heil . Rhabanus Maurus, 1856) and Kohler (Rhabanus Maurus u. die Schule zu Fulda, 1870) . Lives by his disciple Rudolphus and by Joannes Trithemius are printed in the Cologne edition of the Opera . See also Pertz, Monum . Germ . Hist . (i. and ii.) ; Bahr, Gesch. d. romischen Literatur im Karoling . Zeitalter (184o), and Hauck's article in the Herzog-Hauck Realencyklopadie, ed . 3 .