CHARNOCKITE  , a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of foliated igneous rocks of wide See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution and See also:

• GREAT

great importance in See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, See also:

• CEYLON

Ceylon, See also:

• MADAGASCAR

Madagascar and See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . The name was given by Dr T . H . See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland from the fact that the tombstone of See also:

• JOB

Job See also:

• CHARNOCK (or CHERNOCK), ROBERT (c.1663–1696)
• CHARNOCK, JOB (d. 1693)

Charnock, the founder of See also:

• CALCUTTA

Calcutta, is made of a See also:

• BLOCK
• BLOCK (from the Fr. bloc, and possibly connected with an Old Ger. Block, obstruction, cf. " baulk ")
• BLOCK, MAURICE (1816–19or)

block of this See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock . The charnockite series includes rocks of many different types, some being See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid and See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in See also:

• QUARTZ

quartz and See also:

• MICROCLINE

microcline, others basic and full of See also:

• PYROXENE

pyroxene and See also:

• OLIVINE

olivine, while there are also intermediate varieties corresponding mineralogically to norites, quartz-norites and diorites . A See also:

• SPECIAL

special feature, recurring in many members of the See also:

• GROUP

group, is the presence of strongly pleochroic, reddish or See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green See also:

• HYPERSTHENE

hypersthene . Many of the minerals of these rocks are " schillerized," as they contain See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute platy or See also:

• ROD (O.E. rodd, probably related to Norw. rudda, stick, rodda, stake)
• ROD, EDOUARD (1857-1910)

rod-shaped enclosures, disposed parallel to certain crystallographic planes or axes . The reflection of See also:

• LIGHT

light from the surfaces of these enclosures gives the minerals often a See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance, e.g. the quartz is See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue and opalescent, the See also:

• FELSPAR, or FELDSPAR

felspar has a milky shimmer like moonshine, the hypersthene has a bronzy metalloidal gleam . Very often the different rock types occur in See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close association as one set forms bands alternating with another set,or See also:

• VEINS

veins traversing it, and where one facies appears the others also usually are found . The See also:

• TERM

term charnockite consequently is not the name of a rock, but of an assemblage of rock types, connected in their origin because arising by differentiation of the same See also:

• PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent magma . The banded structure which these rocks commonly See also:

• PRESENT

present in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field is only in a small measure due to crushing, but is to a large extent See also:

• ORIGINAL

original,and has been produced by fluxion in a viscous crystallizing intrusive magma, together with differentiation or segregation of the See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass into bands of different chemical and mineralogical See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition . There have also been, of course, See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth movements acting on the solid rock at a later See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time and injection of dikes both parallel to and across the See also:

• PRIMARY

primary foliation .

In fact, the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the structures of the charnockite series is the history of the most See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive gneisses in all parts of the See also:

• WORLD

world, for which we cannot pretend to have as yet any thoroughly satisfactory explanations to offer . A striking fact is the very wide distribution of rocks of this group in the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern hemisphere; but they also, or rocks very similar to them, occur in See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway, See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland and See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• AMERICA

America, though in these countries they have been mostly described as pyroxene granulites, pyroxene gneisses, anorthosites, &c . They are usually regarded as being of Archean See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age (pre-See also:

• CAMBRIAN

Cambrian), and in most cases this can be definitely proved, though not in all . It is astonishing to find that in spite of their great age their minerals are often in excellent preservation . In India they See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the Nilgiri Hills, the Shevaroys and See also:

• PART

part of the Western See also:

• GHATS, or GHAUTS (literally " the Landing Stairs " from the sea, or " Passes ")

Ghats, extending southward to Cape See also:

• COMORIN, CAPE

Comorin and re-appearing in Ceylon . Although they are certainly for the most part igneous gneisses (or orthogneisses), rocks occur along with them, such as See also:

• MARBLES

marbles, See also:

• SCAPOLITE (Gr. O'Kairos, rod, )tLOoc, stone)

scapolite limestones, and See also:

• CORUNDUM

corundum rocks, which were probably of sedimentary origin . (J . S .