See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

CHARTER (See also:

• LAT

Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for See also:

• PAPYRUS

papyrus, material for See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing, thence transferred to See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, See also:

• BOOK

book)  , a written See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument, See also:

• CONTRACT
• CONTRACT (Lat. contract us, from contrahere, to draw together, to bind)

contract or See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

convention by which cessions of sales of See also:

• PROPERTY

property or of rights and privileges are confirmed and held, and which may be produced by the grantees in See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of lawful See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession . The use of the word for any written document is obsolete in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, but is preserved in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, e.g. the Ecole See also:

• DES

des Chartes at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . In feudal times charters of privileges were granted, not only by the See also:

• CROWN

crown, but by See also:

• MESNE (an Anglo-French legal form of the O. Fr. meien, mod. moyen, mean, Med. Lat. medianus, in the middle, cf. " mean ")

mesne lords both See also:

• LAY

lay and ecclesiastical, as well to communities, such as boroughs, See also:

• GILDS, or GUILDS

gilds and religious See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations, as to individuals . In See also:

• MODERN

modern usage grants by See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter have become all but obsolete, though in England this See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form is still used in the See also:

• INCORPORATION (from Lat. incorporare, to form into a body)

incorporation by the crown of such See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies as the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy . The See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant of the See also:

• GREAT

Great Charter by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John in 1215 (see MAGNA CARTA), which guaranteed the preservation of See also:

• ENGLISH

English liberties, led to a See also:

• SPECIAL

special association of the word with constitutional privileges, and so in modern times it has been applied to constitutions granted by sovereigns to their subjects, in contradistinction to those based on " the will of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people." Such was the Charter (Charte) granted by See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XVIII. to France in 1814 . In See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal the constitution granted by Dom Pedro in 1826 was called by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French party the " Charter," while that devised by the See also:

• CORTES
• CORTES, HERNAN

Cortes in 1821 was known as the " Constitution." Magna Carta also suggested to the English radicals in 1838 the name " People's Charter," which they gave to their published See also:

• PROGRAMME, or PROGRAM

programme of reforms (see See also:

• CHARTISM

CHARTISM) . This association of the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty with the word charter led to its figurative use in the sense of freedom or See also:

• LICENCE (through the French from Lat. licentia, licere, to be lawful)

licence . This is, however, rare; the most See also:

• COMMON

common use being in the phrase " chartered libertine " (See also:

• SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (1564-1616)

Shakespeare, See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry V . See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act i . Sc . I) from the derivative verb "to charter," e.g, to grant a charter . The common colloquialism " to charter," in the sense of to take, or hire, is derived from the special use of " to charter " as to hire (a See also:

• SHIP

ship) by charter-party .