See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

THOMAS See also:

• THOMAS CHATTERTON (1752-1770)

CHATTERTON (1752-1770)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English poet, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BRISTOL
• BRISTOL, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• BRISTOL, GEORGE DIGBY, 2ND EARL OF1 (1612-1677)
• BRISTOL, JOHN DIGBY, 1ST EARL OF 6 (1580-1653)

Bristol on the 2oth of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1752 . His See also:

• PEDIGREE

pedigree has a curious significance . The See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of See also:

• SEXTON (an early corruption of " sacristan," properly the keeper of sacred vessels and vestments, Med. Lat. sacristanus or sacrista)

sexton of St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary Redcliffe, at Bristol, one of the most beautiful See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish churches in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, had been transmitted for nearly two centuries in the Chatter-ton See also:

• FAMILY

family; and throughout the brief See also:

• LIFE

life of the poet it was held by his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• PHILLIPS
• PHILLIPS, ADELAIDE (1833-1882)
• PHILLIPS, EDWARD (163o-1696)
• PHILLIPS, JOHN (1800—1874)
• PHILLIPS, SAMUEL (1814—1854)
• PHILLIPS, STEPHEN (1868– )
• PHILLIPS, THOMAS (1770-1845)
• PHILLIPS, WENDELL (1811-1884)

Phillips . The poet's See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• CHATTERTON, THOMAS (1752-1770)

Chatterton, was a musical See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius, somewhat of a poet, a numismatist, and a dabbler in occult arts . He was one of the sub-chanters of Bristol See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral, and See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the See also:

• PYLE, HOWARD (1853– )

Pyle See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street See also:

• FREE

free school, near Redcliffe See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church . But whatever hereditary tendencies may have been transmitted from the father, the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole training of the boy necessarily devolved on his See also:

• MOTHER

mother, who was in the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month of her widowhood at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth . She established a girls' school, took in sewing and ornamental See also:

• NEEDLEWORK

needlework, and so brought up her two See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, a girl and a boy, till the latter attained his eighth See also:

• YEAR

year, when he was admitted to See also:

• COLSTON, EDWARD (1636-1721)

Colston's Charity . But the Bristol See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue-coat school, in which the curriculum was limited to See also:

• READING

reading, See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing, See also:

• ARITHMETIC (Gr. apeOµ7run7, sc. TEXVn, the art of counting, from (ipLBµos, number)

arithmetic and the Church See also:

• CATECHISM (from Gr. Karnxeiv, teach by word of mouth)

Catechism, had little See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the See also:

• EDUCATION

education of its marvellous See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil . The hereditary See also:

• RACE

race of sextons had come to regard the church of St Mary Redcliffe as their own peculiardomain; and, under the guidance of his uncle, the See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child found there his favourite haunt . The knights, ecclesiastics and civic dignitaries, recumbent on its See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar tombs, became his See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar associates; and by and by, When he was able to spell his way through the See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions graven on their monuments, he found a fresh See also:

• INTEREST

interest in certain See also:

• QUAINT (O. Fr. cointe, from Lat. cognitus, known, probably influenced by association with Lat. corn plus, neat)

quaint oaken chests in the See also:

• MUNIMENT

muniment See also:

• ROOM

room over the See also:

• PORCH (through the Fr. porehe, from Lat. porticus; the Ital. equivalent is portico, corresponding to the Gr. vapOi ; Ger. Vorhalle)

porch on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the See also:

• NAVE

nave, where See also:

• PARCHMENT

parchment deeds, old as the See also:

• WARS

Wars of the See also:

• ROSES, WARS OF THE

Roses, See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• LAY

lay unheeded and forgotten . They formed the child's playthings almost from his See also:

• CRADLE (of uncertain etymology, possibly connected with " crate " and " creel," i.e. basket; the derivation from a Celtic word, with a sense of rocking, is scouted by the New English Dictionary)

cradle . He learned his first letters from the illuminated capitals of an old musical See also:

• FOLIO (properly the ablative case of the Lat. folium, leaf, but also frequently an adaptation of the Ital. foglio)

folio, and learned to read out of a See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black-See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible .

He did not like, his See also:

• SISTER

sister said, reading out of small books . Wayward, as it seems, almost from his earliest years, and manifesting no sympathy with the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary pastimes of children, he was regarded for a time as deficient in See also:

• INTELLECT (Lat. intellectus, from intelligere, to understand)

intellect . But he was even then ambitious of distinction . His sister relates that on being asked what See also:

• DEVICE

device he would like painted on a bowl that was to be his, he replied, " Paint me an See also:

• ANGEL

angel, with wings, and a See also:

• TRUMPET (Fr. trompette, clairon; Ger. ,Trompete, Klarino, Trummet; Ital. tromba, trombetta, clarino)
• TRUMPET, SPEAKING AND HEARING

trumpet, to trumpet my name over the See also:

• WORLD

world." From his earliest years he was liable to fits of See also:

• ABSTRACTION (Lat. abs and trahere)

abstraction, sitting for See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours in seeming stupor, or yielding after a time to tears, for which he would assign no See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason . He had no one near him to sympathize in the See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange world of See also:

• FANCY (a shortened form, dating from the 15th century, of " fantasy," which is derived through the O. Fr. fantasie, modern fantaisie. from the Latinized form of the Gr. cbavraoia, Oavrai'ecv, Oat Pais, to show)

fancy which his See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination had already called into being; and circumstances helped to See also:

• FOSTER, GEORGE EULAS (1847– )
• FOSTER, JOHN (177o-1843)
• FOSTER, MYLES BIRKET (1825-1899)
• FOSTER, SIR CLEMENT LE NEVE (1841-1904)
• FOSTER, SIR MICHAEL (1836-r9o7)
• FOSTER, STEPHEN COLLINS (1826-1864)

foster his natural reserve, and to beget that love of See also:

• MYSTERY (Gr. µw(Trilpcov, from tcuvrm, an initiate, µfew, to shut the mouth)

mystery which exercised so See also:

• GREAT

great an See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on the development of his genius . When the strange child had attained his See also:

• SIXTH

sixth year his mother began to recognize his capacity; at eight he was so eager for books that he would read and write all See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day long if undisturbed; and in his See also:

• ELEVENTH

eleventh year he had become a contributor to See also:

• FELIX
• FELIX, ANTONIUS
• FELIX, LIA (1830– )

Felix Farley's Bristol See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal . The occasion of his See also:

• CONFIRMATION (Lat. confirmatio, from confirmare, to establish, make firm)

confirmation inspired some religious poems published in this See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper . In 1763 a beautiful See also:

• CROSS

cross of curious workmanship, which had adorned the See also:

• CHURCHYARD
• CHURCHYARD, THOMAS (c. 152o-16o4)

churchyard of St Mary Redcliffe for upwards of three centuries, was destroyed by a See also:

• CHURCHWARDEN

churchwarden . The spirit of veneration was strong in the boy, and he sent to the See also:

• LOCAL

local journal on the 7th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1764 a See also:

• CLEVER

clever See also:

• SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

satire on the parish Vandal . But his delight was to See also:

• LOCK (from the O. Eng. loc.; the word appears, in different forms, in many Teutonic languages, but with such various meanings as " hole," Ger. Loch, " lid," Swed. lock, &c.; probably the original was a root meaning " to enclose ")
• LOCK, MATTHIAS

lock himself in a little See also:

• ATTIC (i.e. "in the Attic style ")

attic which he had appropriated as his study; and there, with books, cherished parchments, saved from the See also:

• LOOT

loot of the muniment room of St Mary Redcliffe, and See also:

• DRAWING

drawing materials, the child lived in thought with his 15th-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century heroes and heroines . The first of his See also:

• LITERARY

literary mystifications, the duologue of " Elinoure and Juga," was written before he was twelve years old, and he showed his poem to the See also:

• USHER (O. Fr. ussier, uissier, mod. huissier, from Lat. ostiarius, a door-keeper, ostium, doorway, entrance, os, mouth)
• USHER (or USSHER), JAMES (1581-1656)

usher at Colston's See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital, Thomas Phillips, as the See also:

• WORK

work of a 15th-century poet . Chatterton remained an inmate of Colston's hospital for upwards of six years, and the slight advantages gained from this scanty education are traceable to the friendly sympathy of Phillips, himself a writer of See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse, who encouraged his pupils to write .

Three of Chatterton's companions are named as youths whom Phillips's See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste for See also:

• POETRY

poetry stimulated to rivalry; but Chatterton held aloof from these contests, and made at that time no confidant of his own more daring literary adventures . His little See also:

• POCKET

pocket-See also:

• MONEY

money was spent in borrowing books from a circulating library; and he See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early ingratiated himself with See also:

• BOOK

book collectors, by whose aid he found See also:

• ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access to See also:

• WEEVER
• WEEVER, JOHN (1576-1632)

Weever, See also:

• DUGDALE, SIR WILLIAM (16o5-1686)

Dugdale and See also:

• COLLINS, ANTHONY (1676-1729)
• COLLINS, JOHN CHURTON (1848-1908)
• COLLINS, MORTIMER (1827-1876)
• COLLINS, WILLIAM (1721-1759)
• COLLINS, WILLIAM (1787–1847)
• COLLINS, WILLIAM WILKIE (1824–1889)

Collins, as well as to Speght's edition of See also:

• CHAUCER, GEOFFREY (? 1340-1400)

Chaucer, See also:

• SPENSER, EDMUND (c. 1552-1599)
• SPENSER, JOHN (1559-1614)

Spenser and other books . His "Rowleian" See also:

• JARGON

jargon appears to have been chiefly the result of the study of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Kersey's Dictionarium Anglo-Britannicum, and Prof . W . W . See also:

• SKEAT, WALTER WILLIAM (1835– )

Skeat seems to think his knowledge of even Chaucer was very slight . His holidays were mostly spent at his mother's See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house; and much of them in the favourite See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat of his attic study there . He had already conceived the See also:

• ROMANCE

romance of Thomas See also:

• ROWLEY, WILLIAM (c. 1585-c. 1642)

Rowley, an imaginary See also:

• MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
• MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
• MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
• MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)

monk of the 15th century, and lived for the most See also:

• PART

part in an ideal world of his own, in that See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder time when See also:

• EDWARD

Edward IV. was England's See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, and Master See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Canynge—familiar to him among the recumbent See also:

• EFFIGIES, MONUMENTAL

effigies in Redcliffe church—still ruled in Bristol's civic See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair . Canynge is represented as an enlightened See also:

• PATRON

patron of literature, and Rowley's dramatic interludes were written for performance at his house . In See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape a See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage urged by the king, Canynge retired to the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of See also:

• WESTBURY
• WESTBURY, RICHARD BETHELL, 1ST BARON (1800-1873)

Westbury in See also:

• GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Gloucestershire, where he enjoyed the society of Rowley, and eventually became See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

dean of the institution . In " The Storie of William Canynge," one of the shorter pieces of his ingenious romance, his early See also:

• HISTORY

history is recorded . Straight was I carried back to times of yore, Whilst Canynge swathed yet in fleshly See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed, And saw all actions which had been before, And all the See also:

• SCROLL

scroll of See also:

• FATE

Fate unravelled; And when the fate-marked babe acome to sight, I saw him eager gasping after See also:

• LIGHT

light .

In all his sheepen gambols and child's. See also:

• PLAY

play, In every merrymaking, See also:

• FAIR

fair, or See also:

• WAKE (A.S. wacan, to " wake " or " watch ")
• WAKE, THOMAS (1297-1349)
• WAKE, WILLIAM (1657-1737)

wake, I kenn'd a perpled light of See also:

• WISDOM, BOOK OF, or WISDOM OF SOLOMON (Sept. Io4ia IaXwµwvos; Lat. Vulg. Liber sapientiae)

wisdom's See also:

• RAY (Lat. raia)
• RAY (or WRAY, as he wrote his name till 1670), JOHN (1628-1705)

ray; He See also:

• ATE

ate down learning with the wastel-cake; As See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

wise as any of the aldermen, He'd wit enow to make a See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor at ten." This beautiful picture of the childhood of the ideal patron of Rowley is in reality that of the poet himself—" the fate-marked babe," with his wondrous child-genius, and all his romantic dreams realized . The literary masquerade which thus constituted the life-See also:

• DREAM (from a root dreug, connected with Germ. trugen, to deceive)

dream of the boy was wrought out by him in fragments of See also:

• PROSE

prose and verse into a coherent romance, until the credulous scholars and antiquaries of his day were persuaded into the belief that there had lain in the parish See also:

• CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest of Redcliffe church for upwards of three centuries, a collection of See also:

• MSS

MSS. of rare merit, the work of Thomas Rowley, an unknown See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest of Bristol in the days of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VI. and his poet See also:

• LAUREATE (Lat. laureatus, from laurea, the laurel tree)

laureate, John See also:

• LYDGATE, JOHN (c. 1370–c. 1451)

Lydgate . Among the Bristol patrons of Chatterton were two pewterers, See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George Catcott and his partner Henry Burgum . Catcott was one of the most zealous believers in Rowley, and continued to collect his reputed writings long after the See also:

• DEATH

death of their real author . On Burgum, who had risen in life by his own exertions, the blue-coat boy palmed off the de Bergham pedigree, and other equally apocryphal evidences of the pewterer's descent from an ancestry old as the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest . The de Bergham quartering, blazoned on a piece of parchment doubtless recovered from the Redcliffe muniment chest, was itself supposed to have lain for centuries in that See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient depository . The pedigree was professedly collected by Chatterton from See also:

• ORIGINAL

original records, including " The Rowley MSS." The pedigree still exists in Chatterton's own See also:

• HANDWRITING

handwriting, copied into a book in which he had previously transcribed portions of See also:

• ANTIQUE (Lat. antiquus, old)

antique verse, under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of " Poems by Thomas Rowley, priest of St . John's, in the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of Bristol "; and in one of these, " The See also:

• TOURNAMENT, or TOURNEY (Fr. tournement, tournoi, Med. Lat. torneamentum, from tourner, to turn)

Tournament," Syrr Johan de Berghamme plays a conspicuous part . The ennobled pewterer rewarded Chatterton with five shillings, and was satirized for this valuation of a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble pedigree in some of Chatterton's latest verse . On the 1st of See also:

• JULY

July 1767, Chatterton was transferred to the office of John See also:

• LAMBERT [alias NICHOLSON], JOHN (d. 1538)
• LAMBERT, DANIEL (1770-1809)
• LAMBERT, FRANCIS (c 1486-153o)
• LAMBERT, JOHANN HEINRICH (1728–1777)
• LAMBERT, JOHN (1619-1694)

Lambert, See also:

• ATTORNEY (from O. Fr. atorne, a person appointed to act for another, from atourner, legal Lat. attornare, attorn, literally to turn over to another or commit business to another)

attorney, to whom he was See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound apprentice as a clerk . There he was See also:

• LEFT

left much alone; and after fulfilling the routine duties devolving on him, he found leisure for his own favourite pursuits . An ancient See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge on the See also:

• AVON

Avon, built in the reign of Henry II., and altered by many later additions into a singularly picturesque but inconvenient thoroughfare, had been displaced by a structure better adapted to See also:

• MODERN

modern requirements .

In See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1768, when Chatterton was in the second year of his See also:

• APPRENTICESHIP (from Fr. apprendre, to learn)

apprenticeship, the new bridge was partially opened for See also:

• TRAFFIC

traffic . Shortly afterwards the editor of Felix Farley's Journal received from a correspondent, See also:

• SIGNING

signing himself Dunelmus Bristoliensis, a " description of the mayor's first passing over the old bridge," professedly derived from an ancient MS . William See also:

• BARRETT, LAWRENCE (1838-1891)
• BARRETT, LUCAS (1837-1862)

Barrett, F.S.A., surgeon and See also:

• ANTIQUARY

antiquary, who was then accumulating materials for a history of Bristol, secured the original See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript, which is now preserved in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum, along with other Chatterton MSS., most of which were ultimately incorporated by the credulous antiquary into a learned See also:

• QUARTO

quarto See also:

• VOLUME

volume, entitled the History and Antiquities of the City of Bristol, published nearly twenty years after the poet's death . It was at this time that the definite See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story made its See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance—overwhich critics and antiquaries wrangled for nearly a century—of numerous ancient poems and other MSS. taken by the elder Chatterton from a See also:

• COFFER (Fr. coffee, O. Fr. cofre or cofne, Lat. cophinus, cf. " coffin ")

coffer in the muniment room of Redcliffe church, and transcribed, and so rescued from oblivion, by his son . The pieces include the " Bristowe Tragedie, or the Dethe of Syr See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles Bawdin," a ballad celebrating the death of the Lancastrian See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight, Charles See also:

• BALDWIN, JAMES MARK (1861– )
• BALDWIN, ROBERT (1804–1858)

Baldwin; " IElla," a "Tragycal Enterlude," as Chatterton styles it, but in reality a dramatic poem of sustained See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power and curious originality of structure; " Goddwyn," a dramatic fragment; " Tournament," " See also:

• BATTLE

Battle of See also:

• HASTINGS
• HASTINGS, FRANCIS
• HASTINGS, FRANK ABNEY (1794-1828)
• HASTINGS, WARREN (1732-1818)

Hastings," " The See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

Parliament of Sprites," " Balade of Charitie," with numerous shorter pieces, forming altogether a volume of poetry, the rare merit of which is indisputable, wholly apart from the fact that it was the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere boy . Unfortunately for him, his ingenious romance had either to be acknowledged as his own creation, and so in all See also:

• PROBABILITY (Lat. probabilis, probable or credible)

probability be treated with See also:

• CON

con-tempt, or it had to be sustained by the manufacture of See also:

• SPURIOUS

spurious antiques . To this accordingly Chatterton resorted, and found no difficulty in gulling the most learned of his credulous dupes with his parchments . The literary labours of the boy, though diligently pursued at his See also:

• DESK (from Lat. discus, quoit, in med. sense of " table," cf. " dish " and Ger. Tisch, table, from same source)

desk, were not allowed to interfere with the duties of Mr Lambert's office . Nevertheless the Bristol attorney used to See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search his apprentice's drawer, and See also:

• TEAR

tear up any poems or other See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts that he could lay his hands upon; so that it was only during the absences of Mr Lambert from Bristol that he was able to expend his unemployed time in his favourite pursuits . But repeated allusions, both by Chatterton and others, seem to indicate that such intervals of freedom were of frequent occurrence . Some of his modern poems, such as the piece entitled " Resignation," are of great beauty; and these, with the satires, in which he took his revenge on all the local celebrities whose vanity or meanness had excited his ire, are alone sufficient to fill a volume . The Catcotts, Burgum, Barrett and others of his patrons, figure in these satires, in imprudent yet discriminating See also:

• CARICATURE (Ital. caricatura, i.e. "ritratto ridicolo," from caricare, to load, to charge; Fr. charge)

caricature, along with mayor, aldermen, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop, dean and other notabilities of Bristol .

Towards Lambert his feelings were of too keen a nature to find relies in such See also:

• SARCASM

sarcasm . In See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1768, in his seventeenth year, he wrote to See also:

• DODSLEY, ROBERT (1703-1764)

Dodsley, the See also:

• LONDON

London publisher, offering to procure for him " copies of several ancient poems, and an interlude, perhaps the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest dramatic piece extant, wrote b'y one Rowley, a priest in Bristol, who lived in the reigns of Henry VI. and Edward IV." To this letter he appended the See also:

• INITIALS (Lat. initialis, of or belonging to a beginning, initium)

initials of his favourite See also:

• PSEUDONYM (Gr. >l ev&,vuµos, having a false name, ¢Evirls, false and ovoµa, name)

pseudonym, Dunelmus Bristoliensis, but directed the See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer to be sent to the care of Thomas Chatterton, Redcliffe See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill, Bristol . To this, as well as to another letter enclosing an See also:

• EXTRACT (from Lat. extrahere, to draw out)

extract from the tragedy of "fElla," no answer appears to have been returned . Chatter-ton, conceiving the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of finding sympathy and aid at the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of some modern Canynge, bethought him of See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace See also:

• WALPOLE, HORATIO
• WALPOLE, SIR SPENCER (1839-1907)

Walpole, who not only indulged in a See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

renaissance of his own,' but was the reputed author of a spurious antique in the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle of See also:

• OTRANTO

Otranto . He wrote to him offering him a document entitled " The Ryse of Peyncteyne yn Englande, wroten by T . Rowleie, 1469, for Mastre Canynge," accompanied by notes which included specimens of Rowley's poetry . To this Walpole replied with courteous acknowledgments . He characterized the verses as " wonderful for their See also:

• HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, a concord of musical sounds, dpA'ew to join; &plan midi (sc. TeXvil)

harmony and spirit," and added, " Give me leave to ask you where Rowley's poems are to be had ? I should not be sorry to See also:

• PRINT

print them; or at least a specimen of them, if they have never been printed." Chatterton replied, enclosing additional specimens of antique verse, and telling Walpole that he was the son of a poor widow, and clerk to an attorney, but had a taste for more refined studies; and he hinted a wish that he might help him to some more congenial occupation . Walpole's manner underwent an abrupt See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change . The specimens of verse had been submitted to his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends See also:

• GRAY
• GRAY (or GREY), WALTER DE (d. 1255)
• GRAY, ASA (1810-1888)
• GRAY, DAVID (1838-1861)
• GRAY, ELISHA (1835-1901)
• GRAY, HENRY PETERS (1819-18/7)
• GRAY, HORACE (1828–1902)
• GRAY, JOHN DE (d. 1214)
• GRAY, JOHN EDWARD (1800–1875)
• GRAY, PATRICK GRAY, 6TH BARON (d. 1612)
• GRAY, ROBERT (1809-1872)
• GRAY, SIR THOMAS (d. c. 1369)
• GRAY, THOMAS (1716-1771)

Gray and See also:

• MASON, FRANCIS (1799—1874)
• MASON, GEORGE (1725—1792)
• MASON, GEORGE HEMMING (1818–1872)
• MASON, JAMES MURRAY (1798-1871)
• MASON, JOHN (1586-1635)
• MASON, JOHN YOUNG (1799-1859)
• MASON, LOWELL (1792—1872)
• MASON, SIR JOHN (1503–1566)
• MASON, SIR JOSIAH (1795-1881)
• MASON, WILLIAM (1725—1797)

Mason, the poets, and pronounced modern . They did not thereby forfeit the wonderful harmony and spirit which Walpole had already professed to recognize in them .

But he now coldly advised the boy to stick to the attorney's office; and " when he should have made a See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune," he might betake himself to more favourite studies . Chatterton had to write three times before he recovered his MSS . Walpole has been loaded with more than his just share of responsibility for the fate of the unhappy poet, of whom he admitted when too See also:

• LATE

late, " I do not believe there ever existed so masterly a genius." Chatterton now turned his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to periodical literature and politics, and exchanged Felix Farley's Bristol Journal for the See also:

• TOWN

Town and See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

County See also:

• MAGAZINE

Magazine and other London See also:

• PERIODICALS

periodicals . Assuming the vein of See also:

• JUNIUS
• JUNIUS, FRANZ (in French, Francois du Jon)

Junius—then in the full See also:

• BLAZE (A.-S. blaese, a torch)

blaze of his See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph—he turned his See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen against the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• GRAFTON
• GRAFTON, DUKES OF
• GRAFTON, RICHARD (d. 1572)

Grafton, the See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• BUTE
• BUTE, JOHN STUART, 3RD EARL OF (1713-1792)

Bute, and the princess of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales . He had just despatched one of his See also:

• POLITICAL

political diatribes to the See also:

• MIDDLESEX
• MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST EARL OF (1575-1645)

Middlesex Journal, when he sat down on See also:

• EASTER

Easter See also:

• EVE

Eve, 17th See also:

• APRIL

April 1770, and penned his " Last Will and Testament," a strange satirical See also:

• COMPOUND
• COMPOUND (from Lat. componere, to combine or put together)

compound of jest and See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest, in which he intimated his intention of putting an end to his life the following evening . Among his satirical bequests, such as his " humility " to the Rev . Mr Camplin, his " See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion " to Dean See also:

• BARTON, BENJAMIN SMITH (1766-1815)
• BARTON, BERNARD (1784–1849)
• BARTON, CLARA (1821– )
• BARTON, ELIZABETH (c. 1506–1534)

Barton, and his "modesty" along with his "See also:

• PROSODY (Gr. rpovwSta)

prosody and See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar" to Mr Burgum, he leaves "to Bristol all his spirit and disinterestedness, parcels of goods unknown on its See also:

• QUAY
• QUAY, MATTHEW STANLEY (1833-1904)

quay since the days of Canynge and Rowley." In more genuine earnestness he recalls the name of See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael Clayfield, a friend to whom he owed intelligent sympathy . The will was probably purposely prepared in order to frighten his master into letting him go . If so, it had the desired effect . Lambert cancelled his indentures; his friends and acquaintance made him up a See also:

• PURSE (Late Lat. bursa, adapted from Gr. Gupta, hide, skin; possibly O. Eng. pusa, bag, has influenced the change from b to p)

purse; and on the 25th or 26th of the month he arrived in London . Chatterton was already known to the readers of the Middlesex Journal as a See also:

• RIVAL

rival of Junius, under the nom de plume of Decimus . He had also been a contributor to See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton's Town and County Magazine, and speedily found access to the Freeholder's Magazine, another political See also:

• MISCELLANY

miscellany strong for Wilkes and See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty .

His contributions were freely accepted; but the editors paid little or nothing for them . He wrote in the most hopeful terms to his mother and sister, and spent his first earnings in buying gifts for them . His See also:

• PRIDE, THOMAS (d. 1658)

pride and ambition were amply gratified by the promises and interested flattery of editors and political adventurers; Wilkes himself had noted its trenchant See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, " and expressed a See also:

• DESIRE

desire to know the author'; and See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Mayor See also:

• BECKFORD, WILLIAM (1760–1844)

Beckford graciously acknowledged a political address of his, and greeted him " as politely as a See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen could." But of actual money he received but little . He was extremely abstemious, his See also:

• DILIGENCE

diligence was great, and his versatility wonderful . He could assume the style of Junius or See also:

• SMOLLETT, TOBIAS GEORGE (1721-1771)

Smollett, reproduce the satiric bitterness of See also:

• CHURCHILL (MISSINNIPPI or ENGLISH)
• CHURCHILL, CHARLES (1731-1764)
• CHURCHILL, LORD RANDOLPH HENRY SPENCER (1849-1895)

Churchill, See also:

• PARODY (Gr. s-apybia, literally a song sung beside, a comic parallel)

parody See also:

• MACPHERSON, JAMES (1736–1796)
• MACPHERSON, SIR DAVID LEWIS (1818–1896)

Macpherson's See also:

• OSSIAN

Ossian, or write in the manner of See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope, or with the polished See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

grace of Gray and Collins . He wrote political letters, eclogues, lyrics, operas and satires, both in prose and verse . In See also:

• JUNE

June 177o—after Chatterton had been some nine See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks in London—he removed from See also:

• SHORE

Shore-ditch, where he had hitherto lodged with a relative, to an attic in See also:

• BROOK

Brook Street, See also:

• HOLBORN

Holborn . But for most of his productions the See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment was delayed; and now See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state prosecutions of the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press rendered letters in the Junius vein no longer admissible, and threw him back on the lighter resources of his pen . In See also:

• SHOREDITCH

Shoreditch, as in his lodging at the Bristol attorney's, he had only shared a room; but now, for the first time, he enjoyed uninterrupted solitude . His bed-See also:

• FELLOW

fellow at Mr Walmsley's, Shoreditch, noted that much of the See also:

• NIGHT

night was spent by him in writing; and now he could write all night . The romance of his earlier years revived, and he transcribed from an imaginary parchment of the old priest Rowley his " Excelente Balade of Charitie." This See also:

• FINE

fine poem, perversely disguised in archaic See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, he sent to the editor of the Town and County Magazine, and had it rejected . The high hopes of the sanguine boy had begun to fade .

He had not yet completed his second month in London, and already failure and See also:

• STARVATION

starvation stared him in the See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face . Mr Cross, a neighbouring See also:

• APOTHECARY (from the Lat. apothecarius, a keeper of an apotheca, Gr. aroth is , a store)

apothecary, repeatedly invited him to join him at See also:

• DINNER

dinner or supper; but he refused . His landlady also, suspecting his See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity, pressed him to share her dinner, but in vain . " She knew," as she afterwards said, " that he had not eaten anything for two or three days." But he was offended at her urgency, and assured her that he was not hungry . The See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note of his actualreceipts, found in his pocket-book after his death, shows that Hamilton, See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

Fell and other editors who had been so liberal in flattery, had paid him at the See also:

• RATE

rate of a See also:

• SHILLING

shilling for an See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article, and somewhat less than eightpence each for his songs; while much which had been accepted was held in reserve, and still unpaid for . The beginning of a new month revealed to him the indefinite postponement of the publication and payment of his work . He had wished, according to his foster-mother, to study See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine with Barrett; in his desperation he now reverted to this, and wrote to Barrett for a letter to help him to an opening as a surgeon's assistant on See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board an See also:

• AFRICAN

African trader . He appealed also to Mr Catcott to forward his See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan, but in vain . On the 24th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1770, he retired for the last time to his attic in Brook Street, carrying with him the See also:

• ARSENIC (symbol As, atomic weight 75.0)

arsenic which he there drank, after tearing into fragments whatever literary remains were at hand . He was only seventeen years and nine months old; but the best of his numerous productions, both in prose and verse, require no See also:

• ALLOWANCE (from "allow,' derived through 0. Fr. alouer from the two Lat. origins adlaudare, to praise, and allocare, to assign a place; so that the English word combined the general idea of "assigning with approval")

allowance to be made for the immature years of their author, when comparing him with the ablest of his contemporaries . He pictures Lydgate, the monk of See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

Bury St See also:

• EDMUNDS, GEORGE FRANKLIN (1828– )

Edmunds, challenging Rowley to a trial at versemaking, and under See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover of this fiction, produces his " Songe of See also:

• ELLA
• ELLA (d. 588)
• ELLA (d. 867)
• ELLA (d. c. 514)

Ella," a piece of rare lyrical beauty, worthy of comparison with any antique or modern production of its class . Again, in his " Tragedy of Goddwyn," of which only a fragment has been preserved, the " See also:

• ODE (Gr. uiSri, from aei&ew, to sing)

Ode to Liberty," with which it abruptly closes, may claim a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place among the finest See also:

• MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS)

martial lyrics in the language .

The collection of poems in which such specimens occur furnishes by far the most remark-able example of intellectual precocity in the whole history of letters . Collins, See also:

• BURNS, JOHN (1858– )
• BURNS, ROBERT (1759-1796)
• BURNS, SIR GEORGE

Burns, See also:

• KEATS, JOHN (1795-1821)

Keats, See also:

• SHELLEY, MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT (1797-1851)
• SHELLEY, PERCY BYSSHE (1792-1822)

Shelley and See also:

• BYRON, GEORGE GORDON BYRON, 6TH BARON (1788-1824)
• BYRON, HENRY JAMES (1834-1884)
• BYRON, HON
• BYRON, JOHN BYRON

Byron all awaken sorrow over the premature See also:

• ARRESTMENT

arrestment of their genius; but the youngest of them survived to his twenty-fifth year, while Chatterton was not eighteen when he perished in his miserable See also:

• GARRET (from the O. Fr. garite, modern guerite, a watch-tower, connected ultimately with " guard " and " ward ")

garret . The death of Chatterton attracted little See also:

• NOTICE

notice at the time; for the few who then entertained any appreciative estimate of the Rowley poems regarded him as their mere transcriber . He was interred in a burying-ground attached to See also:

• SHOE (a word appearing in the Teutonic languages in various forms, as Ger. Schuh, Swed. and Dan. sko, sometimes supposed to come from an unknown root ska or sku, cover)

Shoe See also:

• LANE, EDWARD WILLIAM (1801–1876)
• LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

Lane Workhouse, in the parish of St See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew's, Holborn, which has since been converted into a site for Farringdon See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

Market . There is a discredited story that the See also:

• BODY

body of the poet was re-covered, and secretly buried by his uncle, Richard Phillips, in Redcliffe Churchyard . There a See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument has since been erected to his memory, with the appropriate inscription, borrowed from his " Will," and so supplied by the poet's own pen— " To the memory of Thomas Chatterton . Reader! See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge not . If See also:

• THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE DE [THUANUS] (1553-1617)
• THOU, NOM

thou See also:

• ART

art a See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian, believe that he shall be judged by a See also:

• SUPERIOR

Superior Power . To that Power only is he now answerable." The Chatterton MSS., originally in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of William Barrett of Bristol, were left . by his See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir to the British Museum in 1800 . Others are preserved in the Bristol library . Chatterton's genius and his tragic death are commemorated by Shelley in Adonais, by See also:

• WORDSWORTH, CHARLES (1806–1892)
• WORDSWORTH, CHRISTOPHER (1774–1846)
• WORDSWORTH, CHRISTOPHER (1807–1885)
• WORDSWORTH, DOROTHY (1771-1855)
• WORDSWORTH, WILLIAM (1770-185o)

Wordsworth in " See also:

• RESOLUTION

Resolution and See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence," by See also:

• COLERIDGE, HARTLEY (1796-1849)
• COLERIDGE, JOHN DUKE COLERIDGE, 1ST BARON
• COLERIDGE, SAMUEL TAYLOR (1772-1834)
• COLERIDGE, SARA (1802–1852)
• COLERIDGE, SIR JOHN TAYLOR (1790-1876)

Coleridge in " A Monody on the Death of Chatterton," by D . G .

See also:

• ROSSETTI, CHRISTINA GEORGINA (1830-1894)
• ROSSETTI, DANTE GABRIEL (1828-1882)

Rossetti in " Five English Poets," and John Keats inscribed See also:

• ENDYMION

Endymion " to the memory of Thomas Chatterton." See also:

• ALFRED

Alfred de See also:

• VIGNY, ALFRED DE (1797-1863)

Vigny's See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama of Chatterton gives an altogether fictitious See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the poet . See also:

• HERBERT (FAMILY)
• HERBERT, GEORGE (1593-1633)
• HERBERT, HENRY WILLIAM
• HERBERT, SIR THOMAS (1606-1682)

Herbert See also:

• CROFT (or CROFTS), WILLIAM (1678–1727)
• CROFT, SIR HERBERT
• CROFT, SIR JAMES (d. 1590)

Croft (q.v.), in his Love and Madness, interpolated a long and valuable account of Chatterton, giving many of the poet's letters, and much See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information obtained from his family and friends (pp . 125-244, letter li.) . There is a valuable collection of " Chattertoniana' in the British Museum, consisting of See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• WORKS

works by Chatterton, newspaper cuttings, articles, dealing with the Rowley controversy and other subjects, with MS. notes by See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Haslewood, and several autograph letters . Among See also:

• BIOGRAPHIES

biographies of Chatterton may be mentioned Chatterton: A See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

Biographical Study (1869), by See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel See also:

• WILSON, ALEXANDER (1766-1813)
• WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)
• WILSON, HORACE HAYMAN (1786–1860)
• WILSON, JAMES (1742—1798)
• WILSON, JAMES (1835— )
• WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )
• WILSON, JOHN (1627-1696)
• WILSON, JOHN (178 1854)
• WILSON, ROBERT (d. 1600)
• WILSON, SIR DANIEL (1816–1892)
• WILSON, SIR ROBERT THOMAS (1777—1849)
• WILSON, SIR WILLIAM JAMES ERASMUS
• WILSON, THOMAS (1663-1755)
• WILSON, THOMAS (c. 1525-1581)
• WILSON, WOODROW (1856— )

Wilson; Chatterton: A See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

Biography (1899; first printed 1856 in a volume of essays), by D . See also:

• MASSON, DAVID (1822–1907)
• MASSON, LOUIS CLAUDE FREDERIC (1847– )

Masson; " Thomas Chatterton " (1900), by Helene See also:

• RICHTER, ADRIAN LUDWIG (1803-1884)
• RICHTER, ERNST FRIEDRICH EDUARD (1808–1879)
• RICHTER, EUGEN (1839–1906)
• RICHTER, HANS (1843– )
• RICHTER, JEREMIAS BENJAMIN (1762–1807)
• RICHTER, JOHANN PAUL FRIEDRICH (1763–1825)

Richter, in Wiener Beitrage zur engl . Philologie; Chatterton, by C . E . See also:

• RUSSELL (FAMILY)
• RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
• RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
• RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
• RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
• RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
• RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
• RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
• RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
• RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )

Russell (1909) .