See also:

• PIERRE

PIERRE GASPARD See also:

• PIERRE GASPARD CHAUMETTE (1763-1794)

CHAUMETTE (1763-1794)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French revolutionist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• NEVERS

Nevers . Until the Revolution he lived a somewhat wandering See also:

• LIFE

life, interesting himself particularly in See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany . He was a student of See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 1790, became one of the orators of the See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

club of the See also:

• CORDELIERS, CLUB OF THE

Cordeliers, and contributed anonymously to the Revolutions de Paris . As member of the insurrectionary See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

Commune of the loth of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1792, he was delegated to visit the prisons, with full See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power to See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest suspects . He was accused later of having taken See also:

• PART

part in the massacres of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September, but was able to prove that at that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he had been sent by the provisional executive See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council to See also:

• NORMANDY

Normandy to oversee a requisition of 60,000 men . Returning from this See also:

• MISSION

mission, he pronounced an eloquent discourse in favour of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic . His See also:

• SIMPLE

simple See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners, easy speech, ardent temperament and irreproachable private life gave him See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in Paris, and he was elected See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Commune, defending the See also:

• MUNICIPALITY

municipality in that capacity at the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar of the See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

Convention on the 31st of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1792 . Re-elected in the municipal elections of the 2nd of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1792, he was soon charged with the functions of See also:

• PROCURATOR (Lat. procurare, to take care of)

procurator of the Commune, and contributed with success to the enrolments of See also:

• VOLUNTEERS

volunteers by his appeals to the populace . See also:

• CHAUMETTE, PIERRE GASPARD (1763-1794)

Chaumette was one of the ringleaders in the attacks of the 31st of May and of the 2nd of See also:

• JUNE

June 1793 on the See also:

• GIRONDISTS (Fr. Girondins)

Girondists, toward whom he showed himself relentless . He demanded the formation of a revolutionary See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, and preached the extermination of all traitors . He was one of the promoters of the See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship of See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

Reason, and on the loth of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1793 he presented the goddess to the Convention in the See also:

• GUISE
• GUISE, HOUSE OF

guise of an actress . On the 23rd of the same See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month he obtained a See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree closing all the churches of Paris, and placing the priests under strict surveillance; but on the 25th he retraced his steps and obtained from the Commune the See also:

• FREE

free exercise of worship .

He wished to See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save the Hebertists by a new insurrection and struggled against See also:

• ROBESPIERRE, MAXIMILIEN FRANCOIS MARIE ISIDORE DE (175$-1794)

Robespierre; but a revolutionary decree promulgated by the Commune on his demand was overthrown by the Convention . Robespierre had him accused with the Bebertists; he was arrested, imprisoned in the Luxembourg, condemned by the Revolutionary tribunal and executed on the 13th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1794 . Chaumette's career had its brighter See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side . He was an ardent social reformer; he secured the abolition of See also:

• CORPORAL

corporal See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment in the See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, the suppression of See also:

• LOTTERIES

lotteries, of houses of See also:

• ILL

ill-fame and of obscene literature; he instituted reforms in the hospitals, and insisted on the honours of public See also:

• BURIAL

burial for the poor . Chaumette See also:

• LEFT

left some printed speeches and fragments, and See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs published in the See also:

• AMATEUR (Lat. amator, lover)

Amateur d'autographes . His memoirs on the loth of August were published by F . A . See also:

• AULARD, FRANCOIS

Aulard, preceded by a See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical study . CHAUMONT-EN-BASSIGNY, a See also:

• TOWN

town of eastern See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of Haute-See also:

• MARNE

Marne, a railway junction 163 m . E.S.E. of Paris on the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• LINE

line of the Eastern railway to See also:

• BELFORT
• BELFORT, TERRITOIRE
• BELFORT, TERRITORY OF

Belfort . Pop . (1906) 12,089 .

Chaumont is picturesquely situated on an See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence between the See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers Marne and Suize in the See also:

• ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle formed by their confluence . To the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west a lofty viaduct over the Suize carries the railway . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St-See also:

• JEAN

Jean-See also:

• BAPTISTE

Baptiste See also:

• DATES

dates from the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, the See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir and lateral chapels belonging to the 15th and 16th . In the interior the sculptured See also:

• TRIFORIUM

triforium (15th century), the See also:

• SPIRAL

spiral See also:

• STAIRCASE

staircase in the See also:

• TRANSEPT (from Lat. trans, across, and septum, enclosure; synonymous terms in other languages are Fr. croisee, nef transversee; Ital. crociata; Ger. Querbau, Quersch&)

transept and a See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• SEPULCHRE, CANONS REGULAR OF THE HOLY
• SEPULCHRE, EASTER
• SEPULCHRE, THE HOLY

Sepulchre are of See also:

• INTEREST

interest . The lycee and the See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital have chapels of the 17th and 16th centuries respectively . The Tour Hautefeuille (a keep of the 11th century) is the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal relic of a See also:

• CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

chateau of the See also:

• COUNTS

counts of See also:

• CHAMPAGNE

Champagne; the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the site is occupied by the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law courts . In the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

Place de l'Escargot stands a statue of the chemist Philippe Lebon (1767–1804), born in Haute-Marne . Chaumont is the seat of a See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect and of a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of assizes, and has tribunals of first instance and of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, a lycee, training colleges, and a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the See also:

• BANK

Bank of France . The main See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries are See also:

• GLOVE (O. Eng. glof, perhaps connected with Gothic lofa, the palm of the hand)

glove-making and See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather-dressing . The town has See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, See also:

• MINED

mined in the vicinity, and leather . In 1190 it received a See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter from the counts of Champagne . It was here that in 1814 Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia and See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia concluded the treaty (dated See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1, signed March 9) by which they severally See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound them-selves not to conclude a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace with See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon, and to continue the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war until France should have been reduced within the boundaries of 1792 .