EARLS OF See also:

• CHESTER
• EARLS OF CHESTER

CHESTER  . The important See also:

• PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

palatine earldom of See also:

• CHESTER
• CHESTER, EARLS OF

Chester was first held by a certain See also:

• FLEMING, PAUL (1609-1640)
• FLEMING, RICHARD (d. 1431)
• FLEMING, SIR SANDFORD (1827- )
• FLEMING, SIR THOMAS (1S44-1613)

Fleming named Gherbod (fl . 1070), and then by See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh of See also:

• AVRANCHES

Avranches (d. rot), a son of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard, See also:

• VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

viscount of Avranches . Hugh, who was probably one of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William the Conqueror's companions, was made See also:

• EARL

earl of Chester in 1071; he had See also:

• SPECIAL

special privileges in his earldom, and he held See also:

• LAND

land in twenty counties . He was called Le See also:

• GROS, ANTOINE JEAN, BARON (1771–1835)

Gros on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his See also:

• GREAT

great bulk and See also:

• LUPUS (Lat. lupus, wolf)
• LUPUS, PUBLIUS RUTILIUS

Lupus on account of his ferocity . However, he regarded St See also:

• ANSELM
• ANSELM (c. 1033-1109)

Anselm as his friend, and he showed the customary liberality to religious houses . His See also:

• LIFE

life was mainly spent in fighting the Welsh and in See also:

• NORMANDY

Normandy, and he died on the 27th of See also:

• JULY

July nor . Hugh's only son Richard, who was childless, was drowned in the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White See also:

• SHIP

Ship in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1120 . Among subsequent holders were See also:

• RALPH (d. 1122)

Ralph, or Randulph, de Gernon (d . 1153), who took a prominent See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• WARS

wars of the reign of See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen, fighting first on one See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side and then on the other; and his son Hugh de Kevelioc (1147-1181), who shared in the rising against See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry II. in 1173 . But perhaps the most celebrated of the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early earls was•,Ralph, Ranulf, or Randulph, de Blundevill (C . 1172-1232), who succeeded his See also:

• FATHER

father Hugh de Kevelioc as earl in 1181, and was created earl of See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln in 1217 .

Ranulf married See also:

• CONSTANCE
• CONSTANCE (Ger. Konstanz or Costnitz)
• CONSTANCE, COUNCIL OF
• CONSTANCE, LAKE OF (called by the Romans Lacus Brigantinus or lake of Bregenz, and now usually named in German Bodensee, as well as the " Swabian Sea ")

Constance, widow of Henry II.'s son, See also:

• GEOFFREY
• GEOFFREY (1158-1186)
• GEOFFREY (c. I152-1212)

Geoffrey of See also:

• BRITTANY

Brittany, and is sometimes called See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Brittany and earl of See also:

• RICHMOND
• RICHMOND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RICHMOND, LEGH (1772-1827)
• RICHMOND, SIR WILLIAM BLAKE (1842– )

Richmond . He fought in See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, was on the side of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John during his struggle with the barons over Magna Carta, and was one of this See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's executors; he also fought for the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young king Henry III. against the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French invaders and their See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies . In 1218 he went on crusade to the See also:

• HOLY

Holy Land and took part in the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• DAMIETTA

Damietta; then returning to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England he died at See also:

• WALLINGFORD

Wallingford in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1232 . After speaking of Ranulf's unique position in the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom, which " fitted him for the part of a See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of opposition to royal or ministerial tyranny," See also:

• STUBBS [STUBBES], PHILIP (c. 1555-c. 161o)
• STUBBS [STUnnE], JOHN
• STUBBS, WILLIAM (1825-1901)

Stubbs sums up his See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character in these words: " On more than one occasion he refused his consent to See also:

• TAXATION
• TAXATION (from " tax," derived, through the French, from Lat. taxare, to appraise, which again is connected with the same root as tangere, to touch)

taxation which he deemed unjust; his See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of See also:

• HUBERT (HUCBERTUS, HUGBERTUS), ST (d. 727)

Hubert (de See also:

• BURGH [BOURKE, BURKE]
• BURGH, HUBERT DE (d. 1243)

Burgh), although it led him to join the See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign party in 1223, did not prevent him from more than once interposing to prevent his overthrow . He was, moreover, almost the last relic of the great feudal See also:

• ARISTOCRACY (Gr. apuvror, best; «paria, government)

aristocracy of the See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest." Although twice married he See also:

• LEFT

left no See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, and his immense possessions passed to his four sisters . The earl's memory remained See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green for a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and in the See also:

• VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

Vision of Piers Plowman his name is linked with that of See also:

• ROBIN

Robin See also:

• HOOD,
• HOOD, JOHN BELL (1831–1879)
• HOOD, SAMUEL HOOD, VISCOUNT (1724–1816)
• HOOD, SIR SAMUEL (1762-1814)
• HOOD, THOMAS (1799-1845)
• HOOD, TOM (1835–1874)

Hood . In November 1232 the earldom of Chester was granted to his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew John the See also:

• SCOT, MICHAEL (? 1175-1232)

Scot, earl of See also:

• HUNTINGDON
• HUNTINGDON, EARLS OF
• HUNTINGDON, SELINA HASTINGS, COUNTESS OF (1707—1791)

Huntingdon (c . 1207-1237), and in 1246, nine years after John had died childless, it was annexed to the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• CROWN

crown " lest so See also:

• FAIR

fair a dominion should be divided among See also:

• WOMEN

women." In 1254 See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• EDWARD

Edward, afterwards King Edward . I., was created earl of Chester, and since this date the earldom has always been held by the heirs apparent to the English crown with the single exception of See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon de See also:

• MONTFORT
• MONTFORT, SIMON DE, EARL OF LEICESTER (d. 1265)

Montfort, earl of See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

Leicester . Since 1399 the earls of Chester have been also princes of Wales, although the See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of Richard II . (1398), which created Chester into a principality to be held by the king's eldest son, was revoked by Henry IV .