See also:

• CHILBLAINS (or KisE; Erythema pernio)

CHILBLAINS (or KisE; Erythema pernio)  , a mild See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• FROSTBITE

frostbite, affecting the fingers or toes and other parts, and causing a painful inflammatory swelling, with redness and itching of the affected See also:

• PART

part . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief points to be noticed in its See also:

• AETIOLOGY, or ETIOLOGY (from Gr. atria, cause, and Xo yia, discourse)

aetiology are (1) that the lesions occur in the extremities of the circulation, and (2) that they are usually started by rapid changes from See also:

• HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat to See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold or See also:

• VICE

vice versa . The treatment is both See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general and See also:

• LOCAL

local . In the general treatment, if a See also:

• HISTORY

history of blanching fingers (fingers or hands going " dead ") can be obtained, the See also:

• CHILBLAINS (or KisE; Erythema pernio)

chilblains may be regarded as mild cases of Raynaud's disease, and these improve markedly under a course of nitrites . Cardiac tonics are often helpful, especially in those cases where there is some attendant See also:

• LESION (through Fr. from Lat. laesio, injury, laedere, to hurt)

lesion of the See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart . But the See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of cases improve wonderfully on a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good course of a See also:

• CALCIUM [symbol Ca, atomic weight 40.0 (o= x6)]

calcium See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt, e.g. calcium lactate or chloride; fifteen grains three times a See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day will See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer in most cases . The patient should See also:

• WASH, THE

wash in soft tepid See also:

• WATER

water, and avoid extremes of heat and cold . In the local treatment, two drugs are of See also:

• GREAT

great value in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early congestive See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage—ichthyol and See also:

• FORMALIN, or FORMALDEHYDE, CH2O

formalin . Ichthyol, 10 to 20% in lanoline spread on See also:

• LINEN

linen and worn at See also:

• NIGHT

night, often dispels an attack at the beginning . Formalin is equally efficacious, but requires more skill in its use . It can be used as an ointment, 10 to 5o % fordelicate skins, stronger for coarser skins . It should be replaced occasionally by lanoline .

If the stage of ulceration has been reached, a See also:

• PASTE (O. Fr. paste, modern pate, Late Lat. pasta, whence also in Span., Port. and Ital., from Gr. 1r&vrrl or 1raara, barley porridge, or salted pottage, ir&ao'ety, to sprinkle with salt)

paste made from the following See also:

• PRESCRIPTION

prescription, spread thickly on linen and frequently changed, soon See also:

• CURES

cures:—Hydrarg. ammoniat. gr. v., ichthyol See also:

• ILI

Ili,x, pulveris zinci oxidi 3 iv, See also:

• VASELINE

vaseline ss .