See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• JOSIAH (Heb. yo' shiyydhu, perhaps " Yah [weh] supports ")

JOSIAH See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• SIR JOSIAH CHILD (163o - 1699)

CHILD (163o - 1699)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant, economist and See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India See also:

• COMPANY

Company, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• LONDON

London in 163o, the second son of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

Child, a London merchant of old See also:

• FAMILY

family . After serving his See also:

• APPRENTICESHIP (from Fr. apprendre, to learn)

apprenticeship in the business, to which he succeeded, he started on his own See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account at See also:

• PORTSMOUTH
• PORTSMOUTH, EARLS OF
• PORTSMOUTH, LOUISE DE

Portsmouth, as victualler to the See also:

• NAVY

navy under the See also:

• COMMON

Common-See also:

• WEALTH

wealth, when about twenty-five . He amassed a comfortable See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune, and became a considerable stock-holder in the East India Company, his See also:

• INTEREST

interest in India being accentuated by the fact that his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John (q.v.) was making his career there . He was returned to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament in 1659 for See also:

• PETERSFIELD

Petersfield; and in later years sat for See also:

• DARTMOUTH
• DARTMOUTH, EARL OF

Dartmouth (1673-1678) and for See also:

• LUDLOW
• LUDLOW, EDMUND (c. 1617-1692)

Ludlow (1685-1687) . He was made a See also:

• BARONET

baronet in 1678 . His advocacy, both by speech and by See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen, under the See also:

• PSEUDONYM (Gr. >l ev&,vuµos, having a false name, ¢Evirls, false and ovoµa, name)

pseudonym of See also:

• PHILOPATRIS

Philopatris, of the East India Company's claims to See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, as well as to the right of restricting competition with its See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, brought him to the See also:

• NOTICE

notice of ,the shareholders, and he became a director in 1677, and, subsequently, See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy-governor and governor . In this latter capacity he was for a considerable See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time virtually the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole ruler of the company; and directed its policy as if it were his own private business . He and his brother have been credited with the See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change from unarmed to armed See also:

• TRAFFIC

traffic; bfit the actual renunciation of the See also:

• ROE (or Row), SIR THOMAS (c. 1581—1644)
• ROE, EDWARD PAYSON (1838-1888)

Roe See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of unarmed traffic by the company was resolved upon in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1686, under Governor See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Ash, when Child was temporarily out of See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office . He died on the 22nd of See also:

• JUNE

June 1699 . Child made several important contributions to the literature of See also:

• ECONOMICS

economics; especially Brief Observations concerning Trade and the Interest of See also:

• MONEY

Money (1668), and A New Discourse of Trade (1668 and 1690) . He was a moderate in those days of the " See also:

• MERCANTILE (or COMMERCIAL) AGENCIES

mercantile See also:

• SYSTEM

system," and has sometimes been regarded as a sort of See also:

• PIONEER

pioneer in the development of the See also:

• FREE

free-trade doctrines of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . He made various proposals for improving See also:

• BRITISH

British trade by following Dutch ex-ample, and advocated a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• RATE

rate of interest as the " causa causans of all the other causes of the riches of the Dutch See also:

• PEOPLE

people." This low rate of interest he thought should be created and maintained by public authority .

Child, whilst adhering to the doctrine of the See also:

• BALANCE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. bilantia, an apparatus for weighing, from bi, two, and lanx, a dish or scale)

balance of trade, observed that a people cannot always sell to foreigners without ever 141ying from them, and denied that the export of the See also:

• PRECIOUS (O. Fr. precios, mod. precieux, Lat. pretiosus, of high value or price, pretium)

precious metals was necessarily detrimental . He had the mercantilist partiality for a numerous See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population, and became prominent with a new See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme for the See also:

• RELIEF

relief and employment of the poor; it is noteworthy also that he advocated the See also:

• RESERVATION (Lat. reservare, to keep back)

reservation by the See also:

• MOTHER

mother See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country of the sole right of trade -With her colonies . Sir See also:

• JOSIAH (Heb. yo' shiyydhu, perhaps " Yah [weh] supports ")

Josiah Child's eldest son, Richard, was created See also:

• VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

Viscount Castlemain in 1718 and See also:

• EARL

earl of Tylney in 1731 . See also See also:

• MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY, BARON (1800-1859)

Macaulay, See also:

• HISTORY

History of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, vol. iv.; R . See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

Grant, See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

Sketch of the History of the East India Company (1813); D . See also:

• MACPHERSON, JAMES (1736–1796)
• MACPHERSON, SIR DAVID LEWIS (1818–1896)

Macpherson, See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

Annals of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

Commerce (1805); B . Willson, See also:

• LEDGER (from the English dialect forms liggen or leggen, to lie or lay; in sense adapted from the Dutch substantive logger)

Ledger and See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

Sword (1903) . (T . A .