CHIPPENHAM  , a

market town and municipal borough in the Chippenham parliamentary division of Wiltshire, England, 94 M . W. of London by the Great Western railway . Pop . (1901) 5074 . Chippenham is governed by a mayor, 4 aldermen and 12 councillors . Area, 361 acres . It lies in a hollow on the south side of the Upper Avon, here crossed by a picturesque stone bridge of 21 arches . St Andrew's church, originally Norman of the 12th century, has been enlarged in different styles . A paved causeway running for about 4 M. between Chippenham Cliff and Wick Hill is named after Maud Heath, said to have been a market-woman, who built it in the 15th century, and bequeathed an estate for its maintenance . After the decline of its woollen and silk trades, Chippenham became celebrated for grain and cheese markets . There are also manufactures of broadcloth, churns, condensed milk, railway-signals, guns and carriages; besides bacon-curing works, flour mills, tanneries and large stone quarries . Bowood, the seat of the marquess of Lansdowne, is 32 m .

S.E. of Chippenham . Lanhill

barrow, or Hubba's Low, 2i M . N.W., is an ancient tomb containing a kistvaen or sepulchralchamber of stone; it is probably British, though tradition makes it the grave of Hubba, a Danish leader . Chippenham (Chepeham, Chippeham) was the site of a royal residence where in 853 lEthelwulf celebrated the marriage of his daughter lEthelswitha with Burhred, king of Mercia . The town also figured prominently in the Danish invasion of the 9th century, and in 933 was the meeting-place of the witan . In the Domesday Survey Chippenham appears as a crown manor and is not assessed in hides . The town was governed by a bailiff in the reign of Edward I., and returned two members to parliament from 1295, but it was not incorporated until 1553, when a charter from Mary established a bailiff and twelve burgesses and endowed the corporation with certain lands for the maintenance of two parliamentary burgesses and for the repair of the bridge over the Avon . In 1684 this charter was surrendered to Charles II., and in 1685 a new charter was received from James II., which was shortly abandoned in favour of the original grant . The Representation Act of 1868 reduced the number of parliamentary representatives to one, and the borough was disfranchised by the Redistribution Act of 1885 . The derivation of Chippenham from cyppan, to buy, implies that the town possessed a market in Saxon times . When Henry VII. introduced the clothing manufacture into Wiltshire, Chippenham became an important centre of the industry, which has lapsed . A prize, however, was awarded to the town for this commodity at the Great Exhibition of 1851 .

CHIPPEWA' FALLS, a

city and the county-seat of Chippewa county, Wisconsin, U.S.A., on the Chippewa river, about 10o m . E. of St Paul, Minnesota, and 12 M . N.E. of Eau Claire, Wisconsin . Pop . (189o) 867o; (1900) 8094; (1910, census) 8893 . It is served by the Minneapolis, St Paul & Sault Ste Marie, the Chicago & North-Western, and the Chicago, Milwaukee & St Paul railways, and by the electric line to Eau Claire . The first settlement on the site was made in 1837; and the city was chartered in 187o .