See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")  , a See also:

• TERM

term used in See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law in different senses . See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

Chose See also:

• LOCAL

local is a thing annexed to a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, as a See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill . A chose transitory is that which is movable, and can be carried from place to place . But the use of the word " chose " in these senses is practically obsolete, and it is now used only in the phrases chose in See also:

• ACTION

action and chose in See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession . A " chose in action," sometimes called a chose in suspense, in its more limited meaning, denotes the right of enforcing by legal See also:

• PRO

pro- , The See also:

• MSS

MSS. are a psaiterium, 9th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, Bibl. publique, See also:

• ANGERS

Angers, fol . 13a; See also:

• BOULOGNE, or BOULLONGNE

Boulogne Psalterium glossatum C . A.D . 1000, MS . No . 20, Bibl. publique . For See also:

• REPRODUCTION

reproduction of musical See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments see Annales archeologiques, tome iv . (1846), p .

38; See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

Cotton MS., Tiberius C. vi., loth to 11th century, fol . 16b, See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum, illustrated in See also:

• STRUTT, JEDEDIAH (1726-1797)

Strutt's Horda See also:

• ANGEL

Angel-cynnan, vol. ii. pls. xx. and xxi . ; MS. psalter of St Emmeran, now in See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich Staatsbibliothek, clm . 14523, fol . 51b, loth century, illustrated by See also:

• GERBERT, MARTIN (172o-1793)

Gerbert, De See also:

• CANTU, CESARE (1804-1895)

Cantu et See also:

• MUS

Mus . Sacra, tome ii. pl. See also:

• XXIII

xxiii . ; See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, Bibl . Nat . Fonds Latin, 7211, loth century, fol . 150 and 151a . 2 Cotton MS., See also:

• NERO (37-68)

Nero D. ii. f . 15a, Chronicon ab orbe condito ad obitum Regis Edwardi I.,1307 .

' See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die musikalischen Instrumente in den Miniaturen See also:

• DES

des friihen Mittelalters, See also:

• PART

part i . " Die Blasinstrumente " (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1903), p . 7, See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note 1 . 4 Op. cit . (1974), tome ii. pl. See also:

• XXV

xxv . No . 13, pp . 130, 151, 152, and pl. xxxi . No . 12 . 6 Topographia Hiberniae, cap. xi . Scotichronicon (See also:

• FORDUN, JOHN OF (d. c. 1384)

Fordun and See also:

• BOWER, WALTER (1385-1449)

Bower), xvi .

28; and See also:

• DALYELL (or DALZIELL Or DALZELL), THOMAS (d. 1685)

Dalyell, Musical See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, p . 47, pls . X. and xi.ceedings the See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of a See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt, or the obtaining See also:

• MONEY

money by way of See also:

• DAMAGES (through O. Fr. damage, mod. Fr. dommage, from Lat. damnum, loss)

damages for See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach of See also:

• CONTRACT
• CONTRACT (Lat. contract us, from contrahere, to draw together, to bind)

contract, or as a recompense for a wrong . Less accurately, the money itself which could be recovered is frequently termed a chose in action, as is also sometimes the document evidencing a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title to a chose in action, such as a See also:

• BOND
• BOND, SIR EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1815-1898)

bond or a policy of See also:

• INSURANCE

insurance, though strictly it is only the right to recover the money which can be so termed . Choses in action were, before the Judicature Acts, either legal or equitable . Where the chose could be recovered only by an action at law, as a debt (whether arising from contract or See also:

• TORT (Fr. for wrong, from Lat. tortus, twisted, participle of torquere)

tort), it was termed a legal chose in action; where the chose was recoverable only by a suit in See also:

• EQUITY (Lat. aequitas)

equity, as a See also:

• LEGACY (Lat. legatum)

legacy or money held upon a See also:

• TRUST

trust, it was termed an equitable chose in action . Before the Judicature See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act, a legal chose in action was not assignable, i.e. the assignee could not See also:

• SUE, EUGENE [JosEPH MARIE] (1804—1857)

sue at law in his own name . To this See also:

• RULE

rule there were two exceptions:—(I) the See also:

• CROWN

crown has always been able to assign choses in action that are certain, such as an ascertained debt, but not those that are uncertain; (2) assignments valid by operation of law, e.g. on See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage, See also:

• DEATH

death or See also:

• BANKRUPTCY (from Lat. bancus or Fr. banquet table or counter, and Lat. ruptus, broken)

bankruptcy . On the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, however, by the law See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant, which is part of the law of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, and which disregards the rules of See also:

• COMMON

common law, bills of See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange were freely assignable . The consequence was that, with these and certain statutory exceptions (e.g. actions on policies of insurance), an action on an assigned chose in action must have been brought at law in the name of the assignor, though the sum recovered belonged in equity to the assignee . All choses in action being in equity assignable, except those which are altogether incapable of being assigned, in equity the assignee might have sued in his own name, making the assignor a party as co-See also:

• PLAINTIFF

plaintiff or as See also:

• DEFENDANT

defendant . The Judicature Acts made the distinction between legal and equitable choses in action of no importance .

The Judicature Act of 1873, s . 25 (6), enacted that the legal right to a debt or other legal chose in action could be passed by See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute See also:

• ASSIGNMENT, ASSIGNATION, ASSIGNEE

assignment in See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing under the hand of the assignor . " Chose in possession " is opposed to chose in action, and denotes not only the right to enjoy or possess a thing, but also the actual or constructive enjoyment of it . The possession may be absolute or qualified . It is absolute when the See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person is fully and completely the proprietor or owner of the thing; it is qualified when he " has not an exclusive right, or not a permanent right, but a right which may sometimes subsist and at other times not subsist," as in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of animals ferae naturae . A chose in possession is freely transferable by delivery . Previously to the Married See also:

• WOMEN

Women's See also:

• PROPERTY

Property Act 1882, a wife's choses in possession vested in her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband immediately on her marriage, while her choses in action did not belong to the husband until he had reduced them into possession, but this difference is now practically obsolete .