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FLORENT CHRESTIEN (1541—1596)

CHRISM (through Lat. chrisma, from Gr. xpavua, an anointing substance, Xpiew , to anoint; through a Romanic form cresma comes the Fr. creme, and Eng. " cream ")

CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)

WILHELM VON CHRIST (1831-1906)

CHRISTADELPHIANS (Xpwroi i sXcboi, " brothers of Christ ")

CHRISTIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

CHRISTIAN CONNECTION

CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOUR SOCIETIES

CHRISTIAN OF BRUNSWICK (1599-1626)

CHRISTIAN SCIENCE

WILLIAM CHRISTIAN (1608-1663)

CHRISTIANIA (officially KRISTIANIA)

CHRISTIANSAND (KRISTIANSUND)

RICHARD COPLEY CHRISTIE (183o–Igor)

CHRISTINA (1626–1689)

CHRISTINA [MARIA CHRISTINA HENRIETTA DESIREE FELICITE RENIERE]

SIR ROBERT CHRISTISON

CHRISTMAS (i.e. the Mass of Christ)

CHRISTMAS ISLAND

SAINT CHRISTOPHER (Christophorus, Christoferus)

ATHANASIOS CHRISTOPOULOS (1772-1847)

HENRY CHRISTY (1810-1865)

CHROMATIC (Gr. xpcoµaruc6s, coloured, from xpwµa, colour)

CHROMIUM (symbol Cr. atomic weight 52.1)

CHROMOSPHERE (from Gr. xpwµa, colour, and vqSaipa, a sphere)

CHRONIC RHEUMATISM

CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

BOOKS OF CHRONICLES

CHRONOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE ROMAN

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF CHRISTIAN DYNASTIES IN SPAIN

CHRONOLOGY (Gr. xpovo?oyfa, computation of time, xp6vos)

CHRYSELEPHANTINE (Gr. xpvouOr, gold, and XEgas, ivory)

CHRYSENE C18H12

CHRYSIPPUS (c. 280-2o6 B.c.)

MANUEL [or EMMANUEL] CHRYSOLCRAS (e. 1355-1415)

CHRYSOPRASE (Gr. Xpvvor, gold, and apaorov, leek)

CHUB (Leuciscus cephalus)

CHARLES CHUBB (d. 1845)

THOMAS CHUBB (1679-1946)

CHANKTUS CHUKCHI ( Men ")

PHRA PARAMINDR MAHA CHULALONGKORN (1853-1910)

CHUNAR, or CHUNARGHUR

CHUPRIYA (sometimes written Tiupriia; Croatian Cuprya)

CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk

CHURCH CONGRESS

FREDERICK EDWIN CHURCH (1826-1900)

GEORGE EARL CHURCH (1835–1910)

RICHARD WILLIAM CHURCH (1815–189o)

SIR RICHARD CHURCH (1784–1873)

CHURCHILL (MISSINNIPPI or ENGLISH)

CHARLES CHURCHILL (1731-1764)

LORD RANDOLPH HENRY SPENCER CHURCHILL (1849-1895)

CHURCHING OF WOMEN

THOMAS CHURCHYARD (c. 152o-16o4)

CHURL (A.S. ceorl, cognate with the Ger. Kerl and with similar words in other Teutonic languages)

CHURN (0. Eng. cyrin; found in various forms in most Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch karn; according to the New English Dictionary not connected with " quern," a mill)

CHUTNEY, or CHUTNEE (Hindustani chatni)

CHUTP (Fr. for " fall," of water or the like; pronounced as " shoot,' with which in meaning it is identical)

CHUVASHES, or TCHUVASHES

CIBBER (or CIBERT), CAIUS GABRIEL (163o-1700)

COLLEY CIBBER (1671-1757)

COUNT LUIGI CIBRARIO (1802—1870)

CICADA (Cicadidae)

CICHLID (Cichlidae)

CICISBEO (Ital.; of uncertain origin; perhaps an inversion of bel cece, "beautiful, chick (pea)

COUNT LEOPOLDO CICOGNARA (1767-1834)

CIDER, or CYDER (from the Fr. cidre, derived from the Lat. sicera or cisera, Gr. mucepa, Heb. shade, strong drink)

CIENFUEGOS (originally FERNANDINA DE JAGUA)

NICASIO ALVAREZ DE CIENFUEGOS (1764–1809)

CARLO CIGNANI (1628-1719)

CIGOLI (or C1vo1a), LODOVICO CARDI DA (1559-1613)

CILIA (plural of Lat. cilium, eyelash)

CILIATA (M. Pertz)

CILLI (Slovene, Celje)

COUNT OF ULRICH CILLI (1406-1456)

GIOVANNI CIMABUE (1240 to about 1302)

DOMENICO CIMAROSA (1749-1801)

CIMON OF CLEONAE

CIMON [Kiµwp] (c. 507-449)

CINDERELLA (i.e. little cinder girl)

CINEMATOGRAPH, or KINEMATOGRAPH (from Ki.vm,ua, motion, and'yplu etv, to depict)

CINGOLI (anc. Cingulum)

GAIUS HELVIUS CINNA

CINNABAR (Ger. Zinnober)

CINNAMIC ACID, or PHENYLACRYLIC ACID, C9H802

JOHN CINNAMUS [KINNAMOS]

CRH6N2 CINNOLIN

CINO DA PISTOIA (127o-1836)

CINQUE CENTO (Italian for five hundred; short for 15oo)

CIPHER, or CYPHER (from Arab. sifr, void)

CIPPUS (Lat. for a " post " or " stake ")

GIOVANNI BATTISTA CIPRIANI (1727-1785)

CIRCE (Gr. Kiprcrl)

CIRCEIUS MONS (mod. Monte Circeo)

CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

CIRCULUS IN PROBANDO (Lat. for " circle in proving ")

CIRCUMCISION (Lat. circum, round, and caedere, to cut)

LINES OF CIRCUMVALLATION (from Lat. circum, round, and vallum, a rampart)

CIRCUS (Lat. circus, Gr. Kipeos or Kptxot, a ring or' circle; probably " circus " and " ring " are of the same origin)

CIRENCESTER (traditionally pronounced Ciceter)

DOMENICO CIRILLO (1739-1799),

CIRQUE (Lat. circus, ring)

CIRTA (mod. Constantine, q.v.)

ERNEST LOUIS OCTAVE COURTOT DE CISSEY (1810-1882)

CISSOID (from the Gr. rcunr6s, ivy, and ethos, form)

CIST (Gr. ,dorn, Lat. cista, a box; cf. Ger. Kiste, Welsh kistvaen, stone-coffin, and also the other Eng. form " chest ")

CITATION (Lat. citare, to cite)

CITHARA (Assyrian chetarah; Gr. KcOhpa; Lat, cithara; perhaps Heb. kinura, kinnor)

CITIUM (Gr. Kition)

CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

CITTA DELLA PIEVE

CITTA DI CASTELLO

CITTA VECCHIA, or CITTA NOTABILE

CITTERN (also CITHERN, CITHRON, CYTHREN, CITIIAREN, &C.; Fr. titre, cistre, cishre, guitare allemande or anglaise; Ger. Cither, Zither (mit Hals, with neck); Ital. cetera, tetra)

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

CIUDAD PORFIRIO DIAZ

VINCENZO CIVERCHIO

CIVIDALE DEL FRIULI (anc. Forum Iulii)

CLAUDIUS CIVILIS

CIVITA CASTELLANA (anc. Falerii, q.v.)

CLACKMANNANSHIRE

LEON CLADEL (1835-1892)

HORACE BRIGHAM CLAFLIN (1811-1885)

CLAIRAULT (or CLAIRAUT), ALEXIS CLAUDE (1713-1765)

LA CLAIRON (1723-1803)

CLAIRVOYANCE (Fr. for " clear-seeing ")

CLAN (Gaelic clann, O. Ir. cland, connected with Lat. planta, shoot or scion, the ancient Gaelic or Goidelic substituting k for p)

ULICK DE BURGH CLANRICARDE (BOURKE or BURKE)

ULICK DE BURGH CLANRICARDE (BOURKE or BURKE), MARQUESS OF (1604-1657 or 1658)

SIR THOMAS CLANVOWE

JEAN LOUIS RENA ANTOINE EDOUARD CLAPAREDE (1832–187o)

HUGH CLAPPERTON (1788-1827)

CLAQUE (Fr. claquer, to clap the hands)

SAINT CLARA (1194-1253)

JOHN CLARE (1793-1864)

1ST EARL OF JOHN FITZGIBBON CLARE (1749-1802)

DUKES OF CLARENCE

CONSTITUTIONS OF CLARENDON

1ST EARL OF EDWARD HYDE CLARENDON (1609-1674)

4TH EARL OF GEORGE WILLIAM FREDERICK VILLIERS CLARENDON (in the Villiers line) (1800-r87o)

HENRY HYDE CLARENDON

CLARET (from the Fr. vin claret, mod. clairet, wine of a light clear colour, from Lat. clarus, clear)

GIOVANNI CARLO MARIA CLARI

CLARINET, or CLARIONET (Fr. clarinette; Ger. Clarinette, Klarinett; Ital. clarinetto, chiarinetto)

FRANCIS EDWARD CLARK (1851- )

GEORGE ROGERS CLARK (1752—1818)

JOHN BATES CLARK (1847— )

JOSIAH LATIMER CLARK (1822—1898)

SIR ANDREW CLARK

SIR JAMES CLARK (1788—1870)

THOMAS CLARK (1801—1867)

WILLIAM CLARK (1770-1838)

WILLIAM GEORGE CLARK (1821—1878)

ADAM CLARKE (1762?—1832)

CHARLES COWDEN CLARKE (1787-1877)

EDWARD DANIEL CLARKE (1769–1822)

JAMES FREEMAN CLARKE (1810–1888)

JOHN SLEEPER CLARKE (1833–1899)

MARCUS ANDREW HISLOP CLARKE (1846–1881)

MARY ANNE CLARKE (c.1776–1852)

SAMUEL CLARKE (1675–1729)

SIR ANDREW CLARKE (1824-1902)

SIR EDWARD GEORGE CLARKE (1841– )

THOMAS SHIELDS CLARKE (1866- )

WILLIAM BRANWHITE CLARKE (1798-1878)

THOMAS CLARKSON (176o-1846)

CLASS DIPLOPODA

CLASS PAIISOPODA

CLASSED GROWTHS OF THE

CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERS OF

CLASSIFICATION OF

CLASSIFICATION OF THE

CLASTIDIUM (mod. Casteggio)

JOHANN CLAUBERG (1622-1665)

CLAUDE OF LORRAINE

CLAUDE OF LORRAINE, or CLAUDE GELEE (1600-1682)

JEAN CLAUDE (1619-1687)

ANTOINE FRANCOIS JEAN CLAUDET (1797-1867)

CLAUDIUS CLAUDIANUS

CLAUDIUS [TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS DRUSUS NERO GERMANICUS]

MARCUS AURELIUS CLAUDIUS

MATTHIAS CLAUDIUS (174o-1815)

CLAUSEL (more correctly CLAUZEL), BERTRAND, COUNT (1772–1842)

GEORGE CLAUSEN (1852- )

KARL VON CLAUSEWITZ (1780-1831)

RUDOLF JULIUS EMMANUEL CLAUSIUS (1822-1888)

CLAUSTHAL, or KLAUSTIIAL

CLAVICEMBALO, or GRAVICEMBALO (from Lat. clavis, key, and cymbalum, cymbal; Eng. clavicymbal, clavisymbal; Flemish, clavisinbal; Span. clavisinbanos)

CLAVICHORD, or CLARICHORD (Fr. manicorde; Ger. Clavichord; Ital. manicordo; Span. manicordio1)

BURNING THE CLAVIE

JOSE CLAVIJO Y FAJARDO (173o–18o6)

RUY GONZALEZ DE CLAVIJO (d. 1412)

ETIENNE CLAVILRE (1735–1793)

CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)

CASSIUS MARCELLUS CLAY (1810-1903)

CHARLES CLAY (1801–1893)

FREDERIC CLAY (1838–1889)

HENRY CLAY (1777–1852)

CLAYMORE (from the Gaelic claidheamh mar, " great sword ")

PAUL JEAN CLAYS (1819-1900)

JOHN MIDDLETON CLAYTON (1796–1856)

CLAZOMENAE (mod. Kelisman)

CLEANTHES (c. 301-232 or 252 B.C.)

CLEAT (a word common in various forms to many Teutonic languages, in the sense of a wedge or lump, cf. " clod " and " clot ")

CLEITHRAL (Gr. aXeiOpov, an enclosed or shut-up place)

CLEITOR, or CLITOR

WILLIAM CLELAND (1661?-1689)

GEORGES CLEMENCEAU (1841– )

DIEGO CLEMENCEN (1765-1834)

CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)

CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA (Clemens Alexandrinus)

FRANCOIS CLEMENT (1714-1793)

JACQUES CLEMENT (1567-1589)

MUZIO CLEMENTI (c. 1751-1832)

CLEMENTINE LITERATURE

CLEON (d. 422 B.C.)

CLEPSYDRA (from Gr. rc1,Eirrerr, to steal, and Mop, water)

CLERESTORY, or CLEARSTORY (Ital. chiaro piano, Fr. clairevoie, claire etage, Ger. Lichtgaden)

CLERFAYT (or CLAIRFAYT), FRANCOIS SEBASTIEN CHARLES JOSEPH DE CROIX, COUNT OF (1733-1798)

CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)

CLERGY RESERVES

BENEFIT OF CLERGY

CLERK 1 (from A.S. cleric or clerc, which, with the similar Fr. form, comes direct from the Lat. clericus)

AGNES MARY CLERKE (1842-1907)

CLERUCHY (Gr. KAripovXia, from KX'gpos, a lot, e'xav, to have)

CLERVAUX (clara vallis)

CLEVELAND (or CLEIVELAND), JOHN (1613—1658)

DUCHESS OF BARBARA VILLIERS CLEVELAND (1641-1709)

STEPHEN GROVER CLEVELAND (1837-1908)

CLEVES (Ger. Cleve or Kleve)

CLEYNAERTS (CLENARDUS Or CLENARD), NICOLAS

JOSSE VAN CLICHTOVE (d. 1543)

1ST BARON THOMAS CLIFFOIID CLIFFORD OF CHUDLEIGH (1630-1673)

JOHN CLIFFORD (1836- )

WILLIAM KINGDON CLIFFORD (1845-1879)

CLIM (or CLVm) OF THE CLOUGH

CLIMACTERIC (from the Gr. KAupaKr'Jp, the rung or step of a aXiµaE or ladder)

CLIMATE AND CLIMATOLOGY

CLIMATE IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE

JOHN CLIMAX (c. 525–600 A.D.)

JUSTIN CLINCHANT (1820-1881)

DE WITT CLINTON (1769-1828)

GEORGE CLINTON (1739-1812)

HENRY FYNES CLINTON (1781-1852)