CHRONOLOGICAL  TABLE See also:

• PYTHAGORAS
• PYTHAGORAS (6th century B.C.)

Pythagoras, c . 582—500 B.C . Determines the ratios of the diatonic See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale . See also:

• ARISTOXENUS

Aristoxenus, fl . 320 B.C . Our See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief authority on classical See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• MUSIC

music . See also:

• PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

Ptolemy, ft . A.D . 130 . Astronomer, geographer, mathematician and writer on music . Reforms the Greek modes so as to prepare the way for the ecclesiastical modes . St See also:

• AMBROSE (AMBROISE), AUTPERT (d.' 778)
• AMBROSE (ANDREY SERTIS-KAMENSKIY) (1708-1771)
• AMBROSE (fl. 119o)
• AMBROSE, ISAAC (1604-1663/4)
• AMBROSE, SAINT (c. 340-307)

Ambrose .

Arranges the Ambrosian tones of See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church music, A.D . 384 . See also:

• HUCBALD (HUOBALDUS, HUBALDUS)

Hucbald, c . 84o-930 . Systematizer of Diaphonia or Organism (called by him See also:

• SYMPHONIA (Gr. o-vµcfrmvla)

Symphonia), and inventor of a See also:

• SIMPLE

simple and ingenious notation which did not survive him . Guido of See also:

• AREZZO (anc. Arretium)

Arezzo, c . 990-1050 . Theorist and systematizer of musical notation and solmization . Franco of See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne, iith See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century author of See also:

• TREATISES

treatises on musical See also:

• RHYTHM (Greek pvBµds, from bap, to flow)

rhythm . See also:

• WORKS

Works under the name of Franco appear at See also:

• DATES

dates and places which have led to the See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption of the existence of three different authors, who, however, have been partly explained away again; and the 11th century is sometimes called the Franconian peciod of discant . Discantus positio vulgaris . An See also:

• ANONYMOUS

anonymous See also:

• TREATISE

treatise written before I15o; is said to contain the earliest rules for " measured music," i.e. for music in which different voices can sing different rhythms .

The See also:

• READING

Reading MS., c . 1240 (See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum, MS . Hari., 978, fol . 11 b.), contains the See also:

• ROTA, COURT OF

rota " See also:

• SUMER

Sumer is icumen in." See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter Odington, fl . 1280 . See also:

• ENGLISH

English writer on music, and composer . See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

Adam de la See also:

• HALE, EDWARD EVERETT (1822-1909)
• HALE, HORATIO (1817–1896)
• HALE, JOHN PARKER (1806–1873)
• HALE, NATHAN (1756-1776)
• HALE, SIR MATTHEW (1609-1676)
• HALE, WILLIAM GARDNER (1849- )

Hale, 1230–1288 Connecting-links between the trouba-See also:

• MACHAULT

Machault, fl . 1350 dours and the archaic contrapuntists . See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• DUNSTABLE

Dunstable, died 1453 . English contrapuntal composer . G . Dufay, died 1474 .

Netherland contrapuntal composer . (These two are the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal founders of See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic See also:

• COUNTERPOINT (Lat. contrapunctus, " point counter point," " note against note ")

counterpoint.) Josquin See also:

• DES

Des Pres, 1445–1521 . The first See also:

• GREAT

great composer .