CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE  . The dales printed in heavy type are certain, at least within a unit . Events in Contemporary History . Probable Real Biblical Events . Dates . Babylonia . Assyria . Egypt.' Indeterminable, Creation of Man but much before 47U . Menes, the first king of the First Egyptian Dynasty 3998-372I . Fourth Dynasty 3969-3908 Cheops . The Great Pyramid built 2098-1587 . Rule of the Hyksos 1587-1328 .

Eighteenth Dynasty 1503-1449 . Thothmes (Tethmosis) III . (leads victorious expeditions into

Asia) 1414-1383 . Amen-hotep (Amenophis) III . 1383-1365 . Amen-hotep IV . 1328-1202 . Nineteenth Dynasty 1300-1234 . Ramses II . 1234-1214 . Merenptal-II . 952-749 (al .

945-745) . 1 Twenty-secondD yn a st y 952-93011 (Breasted, 945.924)• Sheshonq (Shishak) . Shishak invades

Judah in the , fifth yearof Rehoboam (1 Ki. xiv . 25 f.) 1 The real Biblical date, Ussher in Gen. xi . 26 interpolating 6o years, because it is said in Acts vii . 4 that Abraham left Haran after his father Terah's death (Gen. xi . 32), and also (as explained above) interpreting wrongly Ex. xii . 40 . 2 Hilprecht's dates (The Bab . Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania, vol. i. pt. i . 1893, pp . II, i2; pt. ii .

1896, pp . 23, 24 . 43, 44) .

Petrie's dates, Hist. of Egypt, vol. i . (ed . 5, 1903), pp . 20, 30, 233, 251, 252; vol . 111 . (1905), pp . 2, 235, 281-7, 296-360 . Other authorities, however, assign considerably lower dates for the dynasties prior to the 18th . Thus Breasted (Hist. of Egypt, 1906, pp .

22 if., 221, 597) agrees with Ed .

Meyer in giving, for reasons which cannot be here explained, for the beginning of the 1st dynasty c . B C . 3400, for the 4th dynasty c . B.C . 2900--2750, and for the rule of the Hyksos c . B.C . 1680-1580; and in his Researches in Sinai, 1906, p . 175, Petrie proposes for Menes B.C . 5510, and for the 4th dynasty B.C . 4731-4454 . See EGYPT (Chronology) .

' So

Sayce, Rogers (Hist. of Bab. and Ass., 1900, i . 318 f.) and others . The date rests upon a statement of Nabu-na'id's, that Sargon's son, Naram-Sin, reigned 3200 years before himself . Lehmann holds that there are reasons for believing that the engraver, by error, put a stroke too many, and that 2200 should be read instead of 3200. a The real Biblical date . e Rogers, i . 373-375 . Many monuments and inscriptions of other kings in Babylonia, between 4000 and 2000 B.C., are also known . i The lists of the Babylonian and Assyrian kings are not continuous; and before 1907, from the data then available (see the discussion in Rogers, op. cit. i . 312-348), Khammurabi, the sixth king of the first Babylonian dynasty, was commonly referred to such dates as 2376-2333 B.C . (Sayce) or 2285-2242 B.C . (Johns) . But inscriptions recently discovered, by showing that the second dynasty was partly contemporaneous with the first and the third, have proved that these dates are too high : see L .

W . King,

Chronicles Concerning Early Bab . Kings (1907), i . ”-1 10; and the article BABYLONIA, Chronology . The date B.c . 2130-2088 is that adopted by Thureau-Dangin, after a discussion of the subject, in the Journal des Savants, 1908, p . 199; and by Ungnad in the Orient . Litt.-zeitung, 1908, p . 13, and in Gressmann's Altorientalische Texte and Bilder zum A.T . (1909), p . 103 . 8 King, op. cit. i .

116, ii . 14 . 9 The dates of the kings are, in most cases, those given by Kautzsch in the table in his Outline of the Hist. of the Literature of the O.T . (tr. by

Taylor, 1898), pp . 167 ff.; see also A . R . S . Kennedy, "Samuel" in the Century Bible (1905), p . 31 . The dates given by other recent authorities seldom differ by more than three or four years . 1O The figures after a king's name indicate the number of years assigned to his reign in the O.T . For Saul, see i Sam. xiii .

1, R.V 11 The date of Sheshonq depends on that fixed for Rehoboam . Petrie places the

accession of Rehoboam in 937 B.C . 1996-182I [22I I-2036 61 Chronology of Ussher . 1099-1058 I058-1017 1017--977 4004 [41571] 2348 [2501 6] 1491 977 959 956 956 954 7000 B.C . C . 2I00 (if, as is probable, the Amraphel of Gen. xiv . I is Khammurabi) C . 1230 C . 1025-10109 C . I0I0-970 c . 970-933 Judah . 933 .

Rehoboam(17) 916 .

Abijah (3) 913 . Asa (41) Israel . 933 . Jeroboam I . (22) 912 . Nadab (2) 911 . Baasha (24) The Deluge Abraham The Exodus Saul (2) 10 David (40) Solomon (40) 7-6000.2 Temple of Bel at Nippur founded c . 40002 Lugal-zaggisi, king of Uruk (Erech, Gen. x. to) 3800.' Sargon of Agade, who carries his arms as far as the Mediterranean Sea c . 2800 8 Ur-bau and Dungi, kings of Uru (Ur, Gen. xi . 28, 31) C . B.C .

213o-2O88 ? Khammurabi unifies Babylonia and constructs in it many great

works (see art . BABYLONIA) C . 1400 . Burnaburiash . Tel el-Amarna correspondence C . 2300 . Ushpia, priest of Ashur, builder of temple in the city of Ashur c . 2225 . I lu-shama, first king of Assyria at present (1909) known8 C . 1300 . Shalmaneser I .

(builder of

Calah, Gen. x .