See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES See also:

• CHURCHILL (MISSINNIPPI or ENGLISH)
• CHARLES CHURCHILL (1731-1764)
• CHURCHILL, LORD RANDOLPH HENRY SPENCER (1849-1895)

CHURCHILL (1731-1764)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English poet and satirist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• VINE

Vine See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster, in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1731 . His See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of Rainham, See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex, held the curacy and lectureship of St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John's, Westminster, from 1733, and the son was educated at Westminster school, where he became a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good classical See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar, and formed a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close and lasting intimacy with See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• LLOYD, EDWARD (1845— )
• LLOYD, WILLIAM (1627–1717)
• LLOYD, WILLIAM WATKISS (1813–1893)

Lloyd . See also:

• CHURCHILL (MISSINNIPPI or ENGLISH)
• CHURCHILL, CHARLES (1731-1764)
• CHURCHILL, LORD RANDOLPH HENRY SPENCER (1849-1895)

Churchill was entered at Trinity See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, in 1749, but never resided . He had been refused at See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, ostensibly on the unlikely ground of lack of classical knowledge, but more probably because of a hasty See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage which he had contracted within the rules of the See also:

• FLEET

Fleet in his eighteenth See also:

• YEAR

year . He and his wife lived in his father's See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, and Churchill was afterwards sent to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England to prepare for See also:

• HOLY

holy orders . He became See also:

• CURATE (from the Lat. curare, to take care of)

curate of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Cadbury, See also:

• SOMERSETSHIRE

Somersetshire, and, on receiving See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest's orders (1756), began to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act as his father's curate at Rainham . Two years later the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder Churchill died, and the son was elected to succeed him in his curacy and lectureship . His emoluments amounted to less than £See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo a year, and he increased his income by teaching in a girls' school . He fulfilled his various duties with decorum for a while, but his marriage proved unfortunate, and he spent much of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in dissipation in the society of Robert Lloyd . He was separated from his wife in 1761, and would have been imprisoned for See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt but for the timely help of Lloyd's father, who had been an See also:

• USHER (O. Fr. ussier, uissier, mod. huissier, from Lat. ostiarius, a door-keeper, ostium, doorway, entrance, os, mouth)
• USHER (or USSHER), JAMES (1581-1656)

usher and was now a See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of Westminster school . Churchill had already done some See also:

• WORK

work for the booksellers, and his friend Lloyd had had some success with a didactic poem, " The Actor." His intimate knowledge of the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre was now turned to See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account in the Rosciad, which appeared in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1761 . This reckless and amusing See also:

• SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

satire described with the most disconcerting accuracy the faults of the various actors and actresses on the See also:

• LONDON

London See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage .

Its immediate popularity was no doubt largely due to its See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, but its real vigour and raciness make it See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth See also:

• READING

reading even now when the See also:

• OBJECTS

objects of Churchill's wit are many of them forgotten . The first impressicn was published anonymously, and in the See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

Critical See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, conducted by Tobias See also:

• SMOLLETT, TOBIAS GEORGE (1721-1771)

Smollett, it was confidently asserted that the poem was the See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• COLMAN, GEORGE (1732–1794)
• COLMAN, SAINT (d. 676)
• COLMAN, SAMUEL (1832– )

Colman, Bonnell See also:

• THORNTON, HENRY (1760—1815)
• THORNTON, ROBERT (1623-1678)
• THORNTON, WILLIAM THOMAS (1813-188o)

Thornton and Robert Lloyd . Churchill owned the authorship and immediately published an See also:

• APOLOGY (from Gr. &aoXoyia, defence)

Apology addressed to the Critical Reviewers, which, after developing the subject that it is only the See also:

• CASTE (through the Fr. from Span. and Port. casta, lineage, Lat. cast us, pure)

caste ofauthors that See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey on their own See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, repeats the fierce attack on the stage . Incidentally it contains an enthusiastic See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute to See also:

• DRYDEN, JOHN (1631-1700)

Dryden, of whom Churchill was a not unworthy scholar . In the Rosciad he had given warm praise to Mrs See also:

• PRITCHARD, CHARLES (1808–1893)
• PRITCHARD, HANNAH (1711-1768)

Pritchard, Mrs See also:

• CIBBER (or CIBERT), CAIUS GABRIEL (163o-1700)
• CIBBER, COLLEY (1671-1757)

Cibber and Mrs See also:

• CLIVE, CAROLINE (1801-1873)
• CLIVE, CATHERINE [KITTY] (1711-1785)
• CLIVE, ROBERT CLIVE, BARON (1725-1774)

Clive, but no leading London actor, with the exception of See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David See also:

• GARRICK, DAVID (1717-1779)

Garrick, had escaped censure, and in the Apology Garrick was clearly threatened . He deprecated See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism by showing every possible civility to Churchill, who became a terror to the actors . See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• DAVIES (DAvIslus), JOHN (1679-1732)
• DAVIES, DAVID CHARLES (1826-1891)
• DAVIES, RICHARD (c. 1505—1581)
• DAVIES, SIR JOHN (1569-1626)
• DAVIES, SIR LOUIS HENRY (1845— )

Davies wrote to Garrick attributing his blundering in the See also:

• PART

part of Cymbeline " to my accidentally seeing Mr Churchill in the See also:

• PIT (O. E. pytt, cognate with Du. put, Ger. Pfutze, &c., all ultimately adaptations of Lat. puteus, well, formed from root pu-, to cleanse, whence gurus, clean, pure)

pit, it rendering me confused and unmindful of my business." Churchill's satire made him many enemies, and inquiries into his way of See also:

• LIFE

life provided abundant See also:

• MATTER

matter for See also:

• RETORT (Lat. retorquere, to twist or turn back)

retort . In See also:

• NIGHT

Night, an See also:

• EPISTLE

Epistle to Robert Lloyd (1761), he answered the attacks made on him, offering by way of See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence the See also:

• ARGUMENT

argument that any faults were better than See also:

• HYPOCRISY

hypocrisy . His scandalous conduct brought down the censure of the See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

dean of Westminster, and in 1763 the protests of his parishioners led him to resign his offices, and he was See also:

• FREE

free to See also:

• WEAR

wear his " See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue coat with See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal buttons " and much See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold See also:

• LACE (corresponding to Ital. merletto, trina; Genoese Pizzo; Ger. spitzen; Fr. dentelle; Dutch kanten; Span. encaje; the English word owes something to the Fr. lassis or laces, but both are connected with the earlier Lat. laqueus; early French laces were

lace without remonstrance from the dean . The Rosciad had been refused by several publishers, and was finally published at Churchill's own expense . He received a considerable sum from the See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale, and paid his old creditors in full, besides making an See also:

• ALLOWANCE (from "allow,' derived through 0. Fr. alouer from the two Lat. origins adlaudare, to praise, and allocare, to assign a place; so that the English word combined the general idea of "assigning with approval")

allowance to his wife . He now became a close ally of John Wilkes, whom he regularly assisted with the North Briton .

The Prophecy of See also:

• FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

Famine: A Scots See also:

• PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

Pastoral (1763), his next poem, was founded on a See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper written originally for that See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal . This violent satire on Scottish See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell in with the current hatred of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• BUTE
• BUTE, JOHN STUART, 3RD EARL OF (1713-1792)

Bute, and the Scottish See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place-hunters were as much alarmed as the actors had been . When Wilkes was arrested he gave Churchill a timely hint to retire to the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country for a time, the publisher, Kearsley, having stated that he received part of the profits from the paper . His Epistle to See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• HOGARTH, WILLIAM (1697–1764)

Hogarth (1763) was in See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer to the See also:

• CARICATURE (Ital. caricatura, i.e. "ritratto ridicolo," from caricare, to load, to charge; Fr. charge)

caricature of Wilkes made during the trial . In it Hogarth's vanity and envy were attacked in an invective which Garrick quoted as " shocking and barbarous." Hogarth retaliated by a caricature of Churchill as a See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear in torn clerical bands hugging a pot of See also:

• PORTER
• PORTER, BENJAMIN CURTIS (1843– )
• PORTER, DAVID (1780-1843)
• PORTER, DAVID DIXON (1813-1891)
• PORTER, ENDYMION (1587–1649)
• PORTER, HENRY (ft. 1596-1599)
• PORTER, HORACE (1837– )
• PORTER, JANE (1776–1850)
• PORTER, MARY (d. 1765)
• PORTER, NOAH (1811–1892)

porter and a See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

club made of lies and North Britons . The Duellist (1763) is a virulent satire on the most active opponents of Wilkes in the House of Lords, especially on See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop See also:

• WARBURTON, BARTHOLOMEW ELLIOTT GEORGE (1810-1852)
• WARBURTON, COLONEL SIR ROBERT (1842–1899)
• WARBURTON, WILLIAM (1698–1779)

Warburton . He attacked Dr See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson among others in The See also:

• GHOST (a word common to the W. Teutonic languages; O.E. vest, Dutch, 'geest, Ger. Geist)

Ghost as " Pomposo, insolent and loud, Vain idol of a scribbling See also:

• CROWD, CROUTH, CROWTH

crowd." Other poems are " The See also:

• CONFERENCE

Conference " (1763); " The Author " (1763), highly praised by Churchill's contemporaries; " See also:

• GOTHAM, WISE MEN OF

Gotham (1764), a poem on the duties of a See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, didactic rather than satiric in See also:

• TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE (1763-1798)

tone; " The See also:

• CANDIDATE

Candidate " (1764), a satire on John See also:

• MONTAGU (Family)
• MONTAGU (or MOUNTAGUE), RICHARD (1577-1641)
• MONTAGU, ELIZABETH ROBINSON (1720-1800)
• MONTAGU, LADY MARY WORTLEY (1689–1762)
• MONTAGU, RALPH, 1ST DUKE OF (c. 1638-1709)

Montagu, See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• SANDWICH
• SANDWICH, EDWARD MONTAGU, or MOUNTAGU, 1ST EARL OF (1625–1672)
• SANDWICH, JOHN MONTAGU, 4TH EARL OF (1718–1792)

Sandwich, one of Wilkes's bitterest enemies, whom he had already denounced for his treachery in the Duellist (Bk. iii.) as " too infamous to have a friend "; " The Farewell " (1764); " The Times " (1764); " See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence," and an unfinished " See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

Journey." In See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1764 he went to See also:

• BOULOGNE, or BOULLONGNE

Boulogne to join Wilkes . There he was attacked by a See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever of which he died on the 4th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November . He See also:

• LEFT

left his See also:

• PROPERTY

property to his two sons, and made Wilkes his See also:

• LITERARY

literary executor with full See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers . Wilkes did little . He wrote an See also:

• EPITAPH (Gr. it oa¢cos, sc. X/yos, from bri, upon, and ra¢os, a tomb)

epitaph for his friend and about See also:

• HALF

half a dozen notes on his poems, and See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• KIPPIS, ANDREW (1725–1795)

Kippis acknowledges some slight assistance from him in preparing his life of Churchill for the Biographia Britannica (178o) . There is more than one instance of Churchill's generosity to his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends .

In 1763 he found his friend Robert Lloyd in See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison for debt . He paid a See also:

• GUINEA

guinea a See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week for his better See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance in the Fleet, and raised a subscription to set him free . Lloyd fell See also:

• ILL

ill on See also:

• RECEIPT (M.E. receite, derived through Fr. from Lat. recepta, participle of recipere, to receive)

receipt of the See also:

• NEWS

news of Churchill's See also:

• DEATH

death, and died shortly afterwards . Churchill's See also:

• SISTER

sister Patty, who was engaged to Lloyd, did not See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long survive them . William See also:

• COWPER, WILLIAM (1731-1800)
• COWPER, WILLIAM COWPER, 1ST EARL (c. 1665-1723)

Cowper was his schoolfellow, and left many kindly references to him . A partial collection of Churchill's poems appeared in 1763 . They are included in See also:

• CHALMERS, ALEXANDER (1759-1834)
• CHALMERS, GEORGE (1742-1825)
• CHALMERS, GEORGE PAUL (1836-1878)
• CHALMERS, JAMES (1841-1901)
• CHALMERS, THOMAS (1780-1847)

Chalmers's edition of the English poets, and were edited (1804) by W . See also:

• TOOKE, JOHN HORNE (1736–1812)
• TOOKE, THOMAS (1774-1858)

Tooke . This was reprinted in the Aldine edition (1844) . There is a revised edition (1892) in the same See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, The Poetical See also:

• WORKS

Works of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles Churchill, with a Memoir by J . L . See also:

• HANNAY, JAMES (1827—1873)

Hannay and copious notes by W .

Tooke . For Churchill's See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography, see Genuine See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of Charles Churchill, with an account of and observations on his writings; together witk some See also:

• ORIGINAL

Original letters .. . between him and the author (1765) ; A . Kippis, in Biographia Britannica (1780) ; also John See also:

• FORSTER, FRANCOIS (179o-,872)
• FORSTER, FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH (1791-1868)
• FORSTER, JOHANN GEORG ADAM (1754-1794)
• FORSTER, JOHN (1812-1876)
• FORSTER, JOHN COOPER (1823-1886)
• FORSTER, WILLIAM EDWARD (1818-1886)

Forster in the See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh Review (See also:

• JANUARY

January 1845) .