See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
THOMAS See also:CHURCHYARD (c. 152o-16o4)
, See also:English author, was See also:born at See also:Shrewsbury about 1520, the son of a See also:farmer
.
He received a See also:good See also:education, and, having speedily dissipated at See also:court the See also:money with which his See also:father provided him, he entered the See also:household of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:Howard, See also:earl of See also:Surrey
.
There he remained for four years, learning something of the See also:art of See also:poetry from his See also:patron; some of the poems he contributed later (1557) to Songes and Sonetles may well date from this See also:early See also:period
.
In 1541 he began his career as a soldier of See also:fortune, being, he said, " pressed into the service." He fought his way through nearly every See also:campaign in See also:Scotland and the See also:Low Countries for See also:thirty years
.
He served under the See also:emperor See also:Charles V. in See also:Flanders in 1542, returning to See also:England after the See also:peace of Crepy (1544)
.
In the Scottish campaign of 1547 he was See also:present at the barren victory of Pinkie, and in the next See also:year was taken prisoner at See also:Saint Monance, but aided by his persuasive See also:tongue he escaped to the English See also:garrison at See also:Lauder, where he was once more besieged, only returning to England on the conclusion of peace in 1550
.
A See also:broadside entitled See also:Davy Dycars Dreame, a See also:short and seemingly alliterative poem in the manner of Piers Plowman, brought him into trouble with the privy See also:council, but he was dismissed with a reprimand
.
This See also:tract was the starting-point of a controversy between See also:Churchyard and a certain See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Camel
.
The whole of the " flyting " was reprinted in 156o as The Contention betwixte Churchyard and Camell
.
In 1S5o he went to See also:Ireland to serve the See also:lord See also:deputy, See also:Sir See also:Anthony St Leger, who had been sent to pacify the See also:country
.
Here Churchyard enriched himself at the expense, it is to be feared, of the unhappy Irish; but in 1552 he was in England 'again, trying vainly to secure a fortune by See also:marriage with a See also:rich widow
.
After this failure he departed once more to the See also:wars to the See also:siege of See also:Metz (1552), and " trailed a See also:pike " in the emperor's See also:army, until he joined the forces under See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William, Lord See also:Grey of See also:Wilton, with whom he says he served eight years
.
Grey was in See also:charge of the fortress of Gaines, which was besieged by the See also:duke of See also:Guise in 1558
.
Churchyard arranged the terms of surrender, and was sent with his See also:chief to See also:Paris as a prisoner
.
He was not released at the peace of Cateau Cambresis for lack of money to pay his See also:ransom, but he was finally set See also:free on giving his See also:bond for the amount, an engagement which he repudiated as soon as he was safely in England
.
He is not to be identified with the T
.
C. who wrote for the See also:Mirror for Magistrates (ed
.
1559), " How the Lord See also:Mowbray ... was banished
.
. . and after died miserablie in See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile," which is the See also:work of Thomas See also:Chaloner, but " See also:Shore's Wife," his most popular poem, appeared in the 1563 edition of the same work, and to that of 1587 he contributed the ` Tragedie of Thomas See also:Wolsey." These are See also:plain manly compositions in the seven-lined Chaucerian See also:stanza
.
Repeated petitions to the See also:queen for assistance produced at first See also:fair words, and then no See also:answer at all
.
He therefore returned to active service under Lord Grey, who was in command of an English army sent (156o) to help the Scottish rebels, and in 1564 he served in Ireland under Sir Henry See also:Sidney
.
The religious disturbances in the See also:Netherlands attracted him to See also:Antwerp, where as the See also:agent of William of See also:Orange he allowed the insurgents to See also:place him at their See also:head, and was able to See also:save much See also:property from destruction
.
This See also:action made him so hated by the See also:mob that
he had to See also:fly for his See also:life in the disguise of a See also:priest
.
In the next year he was sent by the earl of See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford to serve definitely under the See also:prince of Orange
.
After a year's service he obtained leave to return to England, and after many adventures and narrow escapes in a See also:journey through hostile territory he embarked for See also:Guernsey, and thence for England
.
His patron, Lord Oxford, disowned him, and the poet, whose See also:health was failing, retired to See also:Bath
.
He appears to have made a very unhappy marriage at this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, and returned to the Low Countries
.
Falling into the hands of the Spaniards he was recognized as having had a See also:hand in the Antwerp disturbance, and was under See also:sentence to be executed as a See also:spy when he was saved by the intervention of a See also:noble See also:lady
.
This experience did not deter him from joining in the See also:defence of See also:Zutphen in 1572, but this was his last campaign, and the troubles of the remaining years of his life were chiefly domestic
.
Churchyard was employed to devise a See also:pageant for the queen's reception at See also:Bristol in 1574, and again at See also:Norwich in 1578
.
He had published in 1575 The fvrste parte of Churchyarde's Chippes, the modest See also:title which he gives to his See also:works
.
No second See also:part appeared, but there was a much enlarged edition in 1578
.
A passage in Churchyarde's Choise (1579) gave offence to See also:Elizabeth, and the author fled to Scotland, where he remained for three years
.
He was only restored to favour about 1584, and in 1593 he received a small See also:pension from the queen
.
The affectionate esteem with which he was regarded by the younger Elizabethan writers is expressed by Thomas See also:Nashe, who says (Foure Letters Confuted) that Churchyard's aged muse might well be " See also:grand-See also:mother to our grandiloquentest poets at this present." See also:Francis See also:Meres (Palladis Tamia, 1598) mentions him in See also:conjunction with many See also:great names among " the most passionate, among us, to bewail and bemoan the perplexities of love." See also:Spenser, in " See also:Colin Clout's come See also:home again," calls him with a spice of raillery " old See also:Palaemon " who " sung so See also:long until quite hoarse he See also:grew." His writings, with the exception of his contributions to the Mirror for Magistrates, are chiefly autobiographical in See also:character or See also:deal with the wars in which he had a See also:share
.
They are very rare, and have never been completely reprinted
.
Churchyard lived right through Elizabeth's reign, and was buried in St See also:Margaret's See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, See also:Westminster, on the 4th of See also:April 1604
.
The extant works of Churchyard, exclusive of commendatory and occasional verses, include :—A lamentable and pitifull Description of the wofull warres in Flanders (1578); A See also:general See also:- REHEARSAL (from " rehearse," to say over again, repeat, recount, O.Fr. rehercer, from re, again, and hercer, to harrow, cf. " hearse," the original meaning being to rake or go over the same ground again as with a harrow)
rehearsal) of warres, called Churchyard's Choise (1579), really a completion of the Chippes, and containing, like it, a number of detached pieces; A See also:light Bondel of livelie Discourses, called Churchyardes Charge (1580); The Worthines of See also:Wales (1587), a valuable antiquarian work in See also:prose and See also:verse, anticipating See also:Michael See also:Drayton; Churchyard's See also:Challenge (1593); A Musicall See also:Consort of Heavenly harmonie ... called Churchyards Charitie (1595); A True Discourse Historicall, of the succeeding See also:Governors in the Netherlands (1602)
.
The chief authority for Churchyard's See also:biography is his own " Tragicall Discourse of the unhappy See also:man's life " (Churchyardes Chippes)
.
See also:George See also:Chalmers published (1817) a selection from his works See also:relating to Scotland, for which he wrote a useful life
.
See also an edition of the Chippes (ed
.
J
.
P
.
See also:Collier, 1870), of the Worthines of Wales (Spenser See also:Soc
.
1876), and a See also:notice of Churchyard by H
.
W
.
Adnitt (Transactions of the See also:Shropshire Archaeological and Nat
.
Hist
.
Soc., reprinted separately 1884)
.
End of Article: