CINCINNATI  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county-seat of See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton county, See also:

• OHIO

Ohio, U.S.A., on the Ohio See also:

• RIVER

river, opposite the mouth of the Licking, about too m . S.W. of See also:

• COLUMBUS
• COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER [in Spanish CRISTOBAL COLON] (c. 1446, or perhaps rather 1451, -15o6)

Columbus, about 305 M. by See also:

• RAIL

rail S.E. of See also:

• CHICAGO
• CHICAGO, UNIVERSITY OF

Chicago, and about 76o m . (by rail) W.S.W. of New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York . Through the city flows See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

Mill See also:

• CREEK
• CREEK (Mid. Eng. crike or creke, common to many N. European languages)

Creek, which empties into the Ohio . Pop . (18901) 296,908; (1900) 325,902, of whom 197,896 were of See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign parentage (i.e. either their fathers or mothers or both were foreign-See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born), 57,961 were foreign-born, and 14,482 were negroes; (1910) 363,591• The See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German is by far the most important of the foreign elements . In addition to the large number of inhabitants of German descent, there were, in Igloo, 107,152 of German parentage, and of the foreign-born 38,219 came from See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany . Cincinnati is situated on the N. See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the river upon two terraces or plateaus—the first about 6o ft., the second from See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo to 150 ft., above See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• WATER

water—and upon hills which enclose these terraces on three sides in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of an See also:

• AMPHITHEATRE (Gr. 441, around, and O&arpov, a place for spectators)

amphitheatre, rising to a height of about 400 ft. on the E. and of about 46o ft. on the W., and commanding magnificent views of the river, the valley, the numerous suburbs, and the more distant wooded hills . About See also:

• HALF

half of the See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill-enclosed See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain lies S. of the river, and it is upon this See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern half that See also:

• COVINGTON

Covington, See also:

• NEWPORT

Newport, See also:

• DAYTON

Dayton, See also:

• LUDLOW
• LUDLOW, EDMUND (c. 1617-1692)

Ludlow and other See also:

• KENTUCKY

Kentucky suburbs of Cincinnati are situated . Cincinnati has a river-frontage of about 14 m., extends back about 6 m. on the W. side in the valley of Mill Creek, and occupies a See also:

• TOTAL

total See also:

• AREA

area of about 44 sq. m . Since 1867 it has been connected with Covington by a See also:

• WIRE (A.S. wir, a wire; cf. Swed. vire, to twist, M.H.G. wiere, a gold ornament, Lat. viriae, armlets, ultimately from the root wi, to twist, bind)

wire suspension See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge designed by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John A . See also:

• ROEBLING, JOHN AUGUSTUS (1806-1869)

Roebling, and rebuilt and enlarged in 1897 .

This bridge is 1057 ft. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long between towers (or, including the approaches, 2252 ft. long), with a height of for ft. above low water, and has a See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double See also:

• WAGON, or WAGGON

wagon road and two ways for pedestrians . By two See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges there is See also:

• DIRECT

direct communication with Newport; by one, that of the Cincinnati Southern railway, with Ludlow; and by one (Chesapeake & Ohio; see vol. v., p . 109) 1 Previous See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census reports of the total See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population were as follows: (181o) 2540; (1820) 9642; (1830) 24,831; (1840) 46,338; (185o) 115,435; (186o) 161,044; (1870) 216,239; (188o) 225,139 . In the territory within a See also:

• RADIUS

radius of to m. of the See also:

• UNITED

United States See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government See also:

• BUILDING

building there was in 1900 a population of about 480,000 . with See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Covington . On the terraces the streets generally intersect at right angles, but on the hills their directions are irregular . To the " bottoms " (which have suffered much from floods') between Third See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street and the river the manufacturing and wholesale districts are for the most See also:

• PART

part confined, although many of these interests are now on the higher levels or in the suburbs; the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• RETAIL

retail houses are on the higher levels N. of Third Street, and the handsomest residences are on the picturesque hills before mentioned, in those parts of the city, formerly See also:

• SEPARATE

separate villages, known as Avondale, Mt . See also:

• AUBURN
• AUBURN (from the Low Lat. alburnus, whitish, light-coloured)

Auburn, See also:

• CLIFTON

Clifton, See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

Price Hill, See also:

• WALNUT (Juglans)

Walnut Hills and Mt . Lookout . The See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main part of the city is connected with these residential districts by electric street See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways, whose routes include four inclined-See also:

• PLANE

plane railways, namely, Mt . See also:

• ADAMS
• ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
• ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
• ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
• ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
• ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
• ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
• ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
• ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
• ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)

Adams (268 ft. See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation), Bellevue (300 ft.), Fairview (210 ft.) and Price Hill (350 ft.), from each of which an excellent panoramic view of the city and suburbs may be obtained . There are various suburbs, chiefly residential, in the Mill Creek valley, among them being See also:

• CARTHAGE
• CARTHAGE (Phoenician Kart-hadshat, " New City "; Gr. Kapxn5c; v, Lat. Carthago or Carchedon)
• CARTHAGE, SYNODS OF

Carthage, Hartwell, See also:

• WYOMING

Wyoming, Lockland and Glendale .

Other populous and attractive suburbs N. of the Ohio river are See also:

• NORWOOD

Norwood and See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College Hill . Buildings, &c.—See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

Brick, See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone, and a greyish See also:

• BUFF (from Fr. bu.ffie, a buffalo)

buff freestone are the most See also:

• COMMON

common building materials, and the city has various buildings of much architectural merit . The chamber of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce (completed '889), designed by H . H . See also:

• RICHARDSON, GEORGE
• RICHARDSON, HENRY HOBSON (1838-1886)
• RICHARDSON, SAMUEL (1689-1761)
• RICHARDSON, SIR JOHN (1787-1865)

Richardson, is one of the finest public buildings in the United States . Its walls are of undressed See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite, and it occupies a ground area of too by 1 50 ft . The United States government building (designed by A . B . See also:

• MULLET

Mullet, and built of See also:

• MAINE
• MAINE, ANNE LOUISE BENEDICTE DE BOURBON
• MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER (1822–1888)

Maine and See also:

• MISSOURI

Missouri granite) is a See also:

• FINE

fine structure in classic See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, 36o ft. long and '6o ft. wide, and 41 storeys high; its See also:

• OUTER

outer walls are faced with sawn freestone . It was erected in 1874–'885 and cost (including the See also:

• LAND

land) $5,250,000 . The city See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall (332 ft. by 203 ft.), with walls of red granite and See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone, is a massive and handsome building erected at a cost of $',600,000 . The county See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house (rebuilt in 1887) is in the Romanesque style, and with the See also:

• GAOL, or JAIL

gaol attached occupies an entire square .

The Cincinnati See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital (completed 1869), comprising eight buildings grouped about a central court and connected by corridors, occupies a square of four acres . A new public hospital for the suburbs was projected in 1907 . St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter's (See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic) See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral (begun 1839, consecrated 1844), Grecian in style, is a fine structure, with a graceful See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone See also:

• SPIRE

spire 224 ft. in height and a See also:

• CHIME

chime of 13 bells; it has as an See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar-piece See also:

• MURILLO, BARTOLOME ESTEBAN (1617-1682)

Murillo's " St Peter Liberated by an See also:

• ANGEL

Angel." The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis de Sales (in Walnut Hills), built in 1888, has a See also:

• BELL
• BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
• BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
• BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
• BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
• BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
• BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
• BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
• BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
• BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
• BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
• BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)

bell, See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast in Cincinnati, weighing fifteen tons, and said to be the largest swinging bell in the See also:

• WORLD

world . Several of the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant churches, such as the First Presbyterian (built 1835; See also:

• STEEPLE (akin to " steep")

steeple, including spire, 285 ft. high), Second Presbyterian (1872), Central See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian (1869), St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's Methodist Episcopal (1870), and St Paul's Protestant Episcopal See also:

• PRO

pro-cathedral (1851), are also worthy of mention, and in the residential suburbs there are many fine churches . Cincinnati is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishopric and a Protestant Episcopal and Methodist Episcopal bishopric . The Masonic See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple (195 ft. long and too ft. wide), in the See also:

• BYZANTINE

Byzantine style, is four storeys high, and has two towers of 140 ft.; the building was completed in '86o and has subsequently been remodelled . Among other prominent buildings are the See also:

• ODDFELLOWS, ORDER OF

Oddfellows' temple (completed 1894), the public library, the See also:

• ART

art museum (1886), a Jewish See also:

• SYNAGOGUE (avvaywyii)
• SYNAGOGUE, UNITED

synagogue (in Avondale), and the (Jewish) See also:

• PLUM

Plum Street temple (1866), Moorish in See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture . The Soldiers', Sailors' and Pioneers' building (1907) is a beautiful structure, classic in See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design . The business houses are of stone or brick, and many of them are attractive architecturally; there are a number of See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office buildings from 15 to 20 storeys in height . There are also several large hotels and ten theatres (besides halls and auditoriums for concerts and public gatherings), the most notable being See also:

• SPRINGER (Fr. rein)
• SPRINGER, ANTON HEINRICH (1825–1891)

Springer See also:

• MUSIC

music hall . ' The most destructive floods have been those of 1832, '847, 1883, 1884 and 1907; the highest See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage of the water before 1904 was 71 ft . 1 in. in '884, the lowest ft .

'in. in 188' . One of the most noted pieces of monumental art in the United States is the beautiful See also:

• TYLER
• TYLER, JOHN (1790—1862)
• TYLER, MOSES COIT (1835—1900)
• TYLER, WAT [or WALTER] (d. 1381)

Tyler See also:

• DAVIDSON, ANDREW BRUCE (1831–1902)
• DAVIDSON, JOHN (1857–1909)
• DAVIDSON, RANDALL THOMAS (1848– )
• DAVIDSON, SAMUEL (1807-1898)
• DAVIDSON, THOMAS (1817-1885)

Davidson See also:

• BRONZE

bronze See also:

• FOUNTAIN (Late Lat. fontana, from ions, a spring)

fountain in Fountain Square (Fifth Street, between Walnut and See also:

• VINE

Vine streets), the business centre of the city, by which (or within one See also:

• BLOCK
• BLOCK (from the Fr. bloc, and possibly connected with an Old Ger. Block, obstruction, cf. " baulk ")
• BLOCK, MAURICE (1816–19or)

block of which) all See also:

• CAR (Late Lat. carra)

car lines run . The fountain was unveiled in 1871 and was presented to the city by See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Probasco (1820 1902), a wealthy See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen, who named it in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of his deceased See also:

• BROTHER

brother-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law and business partner, Mr Tyler Davidson . The design, by See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August von Kreling (1819–'876), embraces fifteen bronze figures, all cast at the royal bronze foundry in See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich. the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief being a See also:

• FEMALE

female figure with outstretched arms, front whose fingers the water falls in a fine spray . This figure reaches a height of 45 ft. above the ground . The city has, besides, monuments to the memory of Presidents See also:

• HARRISON
• HARRISON, BENJAMIN
• HARRISON, FREDERIC (1831— )
• HARRISON, JOHN (1693—1776)
• HARRISON, THOMAS (16o6-166o)
• HARRISON, THOMAS ALEXANDER (1853– )
• HARRISON, WILLIAM (1534–1593)
• HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY (1773–1841)

Harrison and See also:

• GARFIELD, JAMES ABRAM (1831-1881)

Garfield (both in Garfield See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

Place, the former an equestrian statue by See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis T . Rebisso, and the latter by See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles H . See also:

• NIEHAUS, CHARLES HENRY (1855— )

Niehaus); also. in See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

Spring See also:

• GROVE (O.E. graf, cf. O.E. gr(efa, brushwood, later" greave "; the word does not appear in any other Teutonic language, and the New English Dictionary finds no Indo-European root to which it can be referred; Skeat considers it connected with " grave," to
• GROVE, SIR GEORGE (182o-1900)
• GROVE, SIR WILLIAM ROBERT (1811-1896)

Grove See also:

• CEMETERY (Gr. Korrsnri7pwv, from Hoiµav, to sleep)

cemetery, a See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument to the memory of the Ohio See also:

• VOLUNTEERS

volunteers who lost their lives in the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War . The art museum, in See also:

• EDEN
• EDEN, SIR ASHLEY (1831-1887)

Eden See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park, contains paintings by celebrated See also:

• EUROPEAN

European and See also:

• AMERICAN

American artists, statuary, engravings, etchings, See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal See also:

• WORK

work, See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood See also:

• CARVING

carving, textile fabrics, pottery, and an excellent collection in American See also:

• ETHNOLOGY

ethnology and See also:

• ARCHAEOLOGY (from Gr. &pxa1a, ancient things, and Xoyos, theory or science)

archaeology . The Cincinnati Society of Natural See also:

• HISTORY

History (incorporated '870) has a large library and a museum containing a valuable palaeontological collection, and bones and implements from the prehistoric cemetery of the See also:

• MOUND

mound-builders, at Madisonville, Ohio . Parks.—In '908 Cincinnati had parks covering about 540 acres; there are numerous pleasant driveways both within the city limits and in the suburban districts, and several attractive resorts are within easy reach . Eden Park, of 214 acres, on See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount Adams, about' m .

E. of the business centre and near the river, is noted for its natural beauty, greatly supplemented by the landscape-gardener's skill, and for its commanding views . The ground was originally the See also:

• PROPERTY

property of See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas Longworth (1782–'863), a wealthy citizen and well-known horticulturist, who here See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew the grapes from which the See also:

• CATAWBA

Catawba See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, introduced by him in '828, was made . The park contains the art museum and the art See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy . Its gateway, See also:

• ELSINORE (Dan. Helsingor)

Elsinore, is a See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• REPRODUCTION

reproduction; other prominent features are the reservoirs, which resemble natural lakes, and a high water See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower, from which there is a delightful view . In See also:

• BURNET
• BURNET, GILBERT (1643-1715)
• BURNET, THOMAS (1635-1715)

Burnet See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

Woods Park, lying to the N.E. of Eden and containing about 163 acres, are the buildings and grounds of the University of Cincinnati, and a See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake for boating and See also:

• SKATING (Dutch schaats, a skate)

skating . The zoological gardens occupy 6o acres and contain a notable collection of animals and birds . Other See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure resorts are the See also:

• LAGOON (Fr. lagune, Lat. lacuna, a pool)

Lagoon on the Kentucky side (in Ludlow, Ky.), See also:

• CHESTER
• CHESTER, EARLS OF

Chester Park, about 6 m . N. of the business centre, and Coney See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island, about 'o m. up the river on the Ohio side . See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington (5.6 acres), See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln ('o acres), Garfield and See also:

• HOPKINS, EDWARD WASHBURN (1857— )
• HOPKINS, ESEK (1718-18oz)
• HOPKINS, MARK (1802—1887)
• HOPKINS, SAMUEL (1721–1803)
• HOPKINS, WILLIAM (1793–1866)

Hopkins are small parks in the city . In 1907 an extensive See also:

• SYSTEM

system of new parks, parkways and boulevards was projected . Spring Grove cemetery, about 6 m . N.W. of Fountain Square, contains 600 acres picturesquely laid out on the park See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan .

It contains many handsome monuments and private mausoleums, and a beautiful See also:

• MORTUARY (Med. Lat. mortuarium, from mortuus, dead)

mortuary See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel in the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman style . Water-See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

Supply.—A new and greatly improved water-supply system for the city was virtually completed in 1907 . This provides for taking water from the Ohio river at a point on the Kentucky side opposite the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of See also:

• CALIFORNIA
• CALIFORNIA, LOWER (Baja California)
• CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF

California, Ohio, and several See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles above the See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge of the city sewers; for the carrying of the water by a gravity See also:

• TUNNEL (Fr. tonne!, later tonneau, a diminutive from Low Lat. tonna, tunna, a tun, cask)

tunnel under the river to the Ohio side, the water being thence elevated by four See also:

• GREAT

great pumping engines, each having a daily capacity of 30,000,000 gallons, to settling basins, being then passed through filters of the American or See also:

• MECHANICAL

mechanical type, and flowing thence by a gravity tunnel more than 4 M. long to the main pumping station, on the See also:

• BANK

bank of the river, within the city; and for the pumping of the water thence, a part directly into the distributing pipes and a part to the principal storage See also:

• RESERVOIR

reservoir in Eden Park . See also:

• EDUCATION

Education.—Cincinnati is an important educational centre . The University of Cincinnati, originally endowed by Charles M'Micken (d . '858) and opened in 1873, occupies a number of 372 handsome buildings er9cted since 1895 on a campus of 43 acres in Burnet Woods Park, has an astronomical See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory on the highest point of Mt . Lookout, and is the only strictly municipal university in the United States . The institution embraces a college of liberal arts, a college of See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering, a college of law (united in 1897 with the law school of Cincinnati College, then the only surviving See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of that college, which was founded as See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

Seminary in 1815 and was chartered as Cincinnati College in 1819), a college of See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine (from 1819 to 1896 the Medical College of Ohio; the college occupies the site of the old M'Micken See also:

• HOMESTEAD

homestead), a college for teachers, a See also:

• GRADUATE (Med. Lat. graduale, to admit to an academical degree, gradus)

graduate school, and a technical school (founded in 1886 and transferred to the university in 1901); while closely affiliated with it are the Clinical and Pathological School of Cincinnati and the Ohio College of See also:

• DENTISTRY (from Lat. dens, a tooth)

Dentistry . With the exception of small fees charged for incidental expenses, the university is See also:

• FREE

free to all students who are residents of the city; others pay $75 a See also:

• YEAR

year for tuition . It is maintained in part by the city, through public See also:

• TAXATION
• TAXATION (from " tax," derived, through the French, from Lat. taxare, to appraise, which again is connected with the same root as tangere, to touch)

taxation, and in part by the income from endowment funds given by Charles M'Micken, See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew Thorns, See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David Sinton and others . The government of the university is entrusted mainly to a See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of nine See also:

• DIRECTORS

directors appointed by the See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor . In 1909 it had a See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty of 144 and 1364 students .

See also:

• LANE, EDWARD WILLIAM (1801–1876)
• LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

Lane Theological Seminary is situated in Walnut Hills, in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-eastern part of the city; it was endowed by Ebenezer Lane and the Kemper See also:

• FAMILY

family; was founded in 1829 for the training of Presbyterian ministers; had for its first See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president (1832–1852) Lyman See also:

• BEECHER, CHARLES EMERSON (1856-1904)
• BEECHER, HENRY WARD (1813-1887)
• BEECHER, LYMAN (1775—1863)

Beecher; and in 1834 was the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of a See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter contest between abolitionists in the faculty and among the students, led by See also:

• THEODORE
• THEODORE (602-690)
• THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
• THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

Theodore See also:

• DWIGHT, JOHN (d. 1703)
• DWIGHT, JOHN SULLIVAN (1813-1893)
• DWIGHT, THEODORE WILLIAM (1822-1892)
• DWIGHT, TIMOTHY (1752-1817)

Dwight Weld, and the board of trustees, who forbade the discussion of See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery in the seminary and so caused about four-fifths of the students to leave, most of them going to See also:

• OBERLIN
• OBERLIN, JEAN FREDERIC (1740-1826)
• OBERLIN, JEREMIE JACQUES (1735-1806)

Oberlin College . The city has also See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint Francis See also:

• XAVIER, FRANCISCO DE (1506-1552)

Xavier College (Roman Catholic, established in 1831 and until 1840 known as the See also:

• ATHENAEUM

Athenaeum); Saint See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph College (Roman Catholic, 1873); Mount St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary's of the West Seminary (Roman Catholic, theological, 1848, at See also:

• CEDAR (Lat. cedrus, Gr. iapos)

Cedar Point, Ohio); See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union College (1875), the leading institution in the United States for educating rabbis; the largely attended Ohio See also:

• MECHANICS

Mechanics' See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute (founded 1828), a private See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation not conducted for profit, its See also:

• OBJECT

object being the education of skilled workmen, the training of See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial leaders, and the See also:

• ADVANCEMENT

advancement of the mechanic arts (in 1907. there were in all departments 1421 students, a large See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of whom were in the evening classes); an excellent art academy, modelled after that of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• KENSINGTON

Kensington; the College of Music and the Conservatory of Music (mentioned below); the See also:

• MIAMI

Miami Medical College (opened in 1852); the Pulte Medical College (homeopathic; coeducational; opened 1872); the Eclectic Medical Institute (chartered 1845); two See also:

• WOMEN

women's medical colleges, two colleges of dental See also:

• SURGERY
• SURGERY (Fr. chirurgie, from Gr. Xetpoupyfa, i.e. hand-work)

surgery, a college of See also:

• PHARMACY

pharmacy, and several business colleges . The public, See also:

• DISTRICT

district, and high See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools of the city are excellent . The City (or public) library contained in 1906 301,380 vols. and 57,562 See also:

• PAMPHLETS

pamphlets; the University library (including medical, law and astronomical branches), 8o,000 vols . (including the See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• CLARKE, ADAM (1762?—1832)
• CLARKE, CHARLES COWDEN (1787-1877)
• CLARKE, EDWARD DANIEL (1769–1822)
• CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN (1810–1888)
• CLARKE, JOHN SLEEPER (1833–1899)
• CLARKE, MARCUS ANDREW HISLOP (1846–1881)
• CLARKE, MARY ANNE (c.1776–1852)
• CLARKE, SAMUEL (1675–1729)
• CLARKE, SIR ANDREW (1824-1902)
• CLARKE, SIR EDWARD GEORGE (1841– )
• CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS (1866- )
• CLARKE, WILLIAM BRANWHITE (1798-1878)

Clarke collection, See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in Americana, and the library—about 5000 vols.—of the American Association for the Advancement of See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

Science); the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

Young Men's See also:

• MERCANTILE (or COMMERCIAL) AGENCIES

Mercantile library, 70,000 vols.; and the Law library, 35,000 vols.; in addition, the See also:

• LLOYD, EDWARD (1845— )
• LLOYD, WILLIAM (1627–1717)
• LLOYD, WILLIAM WATKISS (1813–1893)

Lloyd library and museum of See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany and pharmacy, and the library of the See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio (1831), which contains a valuable collection of rare books, pamphlets and See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts, are worthy of mention . Art, &c.—The large German population makes the city See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note-worthy for its music . The first Sangerfest was held in Cincinnati in 1849, and it met here again in 1870, when a new hall was built for its See also:

• ACCOMMODATION (Lat. accommodare, to make fit, from ad, to, cum, with, and modus, measure)

accommodation . Under the leadership of Theodore See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas (1835–1905), the Cincinnati Musical Festival Association was incorporated, and the first of its biennial May festivals was held in 1873 . In 1875–1878 was built the large Springer music hall, named in honour of See also:

• REUBEN

Reuben R . Springer (1800-1884), its greatest benefactor, who endowed the Cincinnati College of Music (incorporated in 1878), of which Thomas was director in 1878–1881 . Until his See also:

• DEATH

death Thomas was director of the May festivals also . The grounds for the music hall were given by the city and are perpetually exempt from taxation .

The great See also:

• ORGAN

organ in the music hall was dedicated at the third of the May festivals in 1878 . The Sangerfest met in Cincinnati for the third See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in 1879, and its See also:

• JUBILEE (or JUBILE), YEAR OF

jubilee was held here in 1899 . By 188o the May festival See also:

• CHORUS (Gr. xopbs)Z

chorus had become a permanent organization . The city has several other musical See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies—the See also:

• APOLLO (Gr. 'A2r6XXwv,'Airkkhwv)

Apollo and See also:

• ORPHEUS

Orpheus clubs (1881 and 1893), a Liederkranz (1886), and a United Singing Society (1896) being among the more prominent; and there are two schools of music—the Conservatory of Music and the College of Music . The city has large See also:

• PUBLISHING

publishing interests, and various religious (Methodist Episcopal and Roman Catholic) and fraternal See also:

• PERIODICALS

periodicals, and several technical See also:

• JOURNALS

journals and See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade papers are published here . The principal daily See also:

• NEWSPAPERS

newspapers are the Enquirer, a Democratic See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal, established in 1842 and conducted for many years after 1852 by Washington McLean (1816-189o), and then by his son, John See also:

• ROLL (O. Fr. rolle, roulle, mod. role, Lat. rotulus, dim. of rota, wheel)
• ROLL, ALFRED PHILIPPE (1846– )

Roll McLean (b . 1848) ; the Commercial See also:

• TRIBUNE (med. Lat. tribune, from classical Lat. tribunal)

Tribune (Republican; previously the Commercial-See also:

• GAZETTE

Gazette and still earlier the Commercial, founded in 1793, The Tribune being merged with it in 1896), the Times-See also:

• STAR

Star (the Times established in 1836), and the See also:

• POST

Post, established in 188r (both evening papers); and several influential German journals, including the Volksblatt (Republican; established 1836), and the Volksfreund (Democratic; established 1850) . Among the social clubs of the city are the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen City See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

Club, organized in 1874; the See also:

• PHOENIX
• PHOENIX (Gr. 4oivt )

Phoenix Club, organized in 1856 and the leading Jewish club in the city; the See also:

• CUVIER, GEORGES LEOPOLD CHRETIEN FREDERIC DAGOBERT, BARON (1769-1832)

Cuvier Club, organized in 1871 and originally an association of hunters and anglers for the preservation of See also:

• GAME

game and See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish; the Cincinnati Club, the Business Men's Club, the University Club, the Art Club, and the See also:

• LITERARY

Literary Club, of the last of which many prominent men, including President See also:

• HAYES, RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD (1822–1893)

Hayes, have been members . This club See also:

• DATES

dates from 1849, and is said to be the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest literary club in the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)