CINNAMIC See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

ACID, or PHENYLACRYLIC ACID, C9H802  or See also:

• C6H6

C6H6•CH: CH•COOH, an See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid found in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of its benzyl ester in See also:

• PERU
• PERU (apparently from Biru, a small river on the west coast of Colombia, where Pizarro landed)

Peru and Tolu balsams, in storax and in some gumbenzoins . It can be prepared by the reduction of phenyl propiolic acid with See also:

• ZINC

zinc and acetic acid, by See also:

• HEATING

heating benzal malonic acid, by the condensation of See also:

• ETHYL

ethyl acetate with See also:

• BENZALDEHYDE (oil of bitter almonds), C6H5CHO

benzaldehyde in the presence of See also:

• SODIUM [symbol Na, from Lat. natrium; atomic weight 23.00 (0=16)]

sodium ethylate or by the so-called "See also:

• PERKIN, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1838-1907)

Perkin reaction "; the latter being the method commonly employed . In making the acid by this See also:

• PROCESS

process benzaldehyde, acetic an-hydride and anhydrous sodium acetate are heated for some See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours to about 18o C., the resulting product is made alkaline with sodium carbonate, and any excess of benzaldehyde removed by a current of See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam . The residual liquor is filtered and acidified with hydrochloric acid, when cinnamic acid is precipitated, See also:

• C6H5CHO

C6H5CHO+CH3000Na = C6HICH :CH • COONa+See also:

• H2O (combined)

H2O . It may be purified by recrystallization from hot See also:

• WATER

water . Consider-able controversy has taken See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place as to the course pursued by this reaction, but the See also:

• MATTER

matter has been definitely settled by the See also:

• WORK

work of R . See also:

• FITTIG, RUDOLF (1835– )

Fittig and his pupils (Annalen, 1883, 216, pp. too, 115; 1885, 227, pp . 55, 119), in which it was shown that the aldehyde forms an addition See also:

• COMPOUND
• COMPOUND (from Lat. componere, to combine or put together)

compound with the sodium See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt of the fatty acid, and that the acetic anhydride plays the See also:

• PART

part of a dehydrating See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent . Cinnamic acid crystallizes in needles or prisms, melting at 1330 C.; on reduction it gives phenyl propionic acid, See also:

• C6H5

C6H5.See also:

• CH2
• CH2(OH)

CH2•CH2•000H . Nitric acid oxidizes it to benzoic acid and acetic acid . Potash See also:

• FUSION

fusion decomposes it into benzoic and acetic acids . Being an unsaturated acid it combines directly with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, See also:

• BROMINE (symbol Br, atomic weight 79-96)

bromine, &c .

On nitration it gives a mixture of ortho and See also:

• PARA
• PARA (officially BELEM; sometimes BELEM DO PARA)

para nitrocinnamic acids, the former of which is of See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical importance, as by converting it into orthonitrophenyl propiolic acid A . See also:

• BAEYER, JOHANN FRIEDRICH WILHELM ADOLF VON (1835– )

Baeyer was enabled to carry out the See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• SYNTHESIS (Gr. a6vOeacs, from avvrcBivac, to put together)

synthesis of See also:

• INDIGO (earlier indico, from Lat. indicum, the Indian sub-stance or dye; the Sans. name was niti, from nila, dark blue, and this through Arab. al-nil, annil, gives " aniline ")

indigo (q.v.) . Reduction of orthonitrocinnamic acid gives orthoaminocinnamic acid, See also:

• C6H4
• C6H4(CH213r)2

C6H4(See also:

• NH2

NH2)CH:CH•000H, which is of theoretical importance, as it readily gives a See also:

• QUINOLINE (Benzopyridine), C9H7N

quinoline derivative . An isomer of cinnamic acid known as allo-cinnamic acid is also known . For the oxy-cinnamic acids see See also:

• COUMARIN, C9H602

COUMARIN .